G Högström1, H Ohlsson2, C Crump3, J Sundquist4, K Sundquist5. 1. Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sandbäcksgatan 7, 582 25, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: gabriel.hogstrom@gmail.com. 2. Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: henrik.ohlsson@med.lu.se. 3. Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Suite L5-40, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: casey.crump@mssm.edu. 4. Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: jan.sundquist@med.lu.se. 5. Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: kristina.sundquist@med.lu.se.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of cancer has steadily risen. It is important to identify modifiable predictors in early life that may decrease cancer risks and mortality. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness in adolescence and the subsequent risk of cancer and cancer-associated mortality. METHODS: The study included 1 185 439 Swedish men born between 1950 and 1980 that participated in the military conscription (mean age = 18 years). The results from the aerobic fitness test (Wmax) was linked to the risk of cancer and cancer-associated mortality during a 40-years' follow-up using Cox proportional hazards models. A co-sibling design was employed to take familial factors into account. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 27 years 15 093 cases of cancer and 4900 cancer-associated mortalities were registered. Higher Wmax (per additional 1 SD) was associated with a decreased risk of cancer at 40 years of follow-up (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91-0.96 for cancer and HR 0.82 95% CI 0.76-0.87 for cancer-associated mortality) but not at 5 years of follow-up (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.99-1.07; and HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.97-1.12). In the co-sibling model the protective effects of high Wmax were increased at 40 years of follow-up for cancer (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85-0.98) and cancer-associated mortality (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.68-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify in late adolescence a potentially modifiable predictor of cancer, with higher aerobic fitness associated with a decreased risk of cancer incidence and mortality later in life.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of cancer has steadily risen. It is important to identify modifiable predictors in early life that may decrease cancer risks and mortality. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness in adolescence and the subsequent risk of cancer and cancer-associated mortality. METHODS: The study included 1 185 439 Swedish men born between 1950 and 1980 that participated in the military conscription (mean age = 18 years). The results from the aerobic fitness test (Wmax) was linked to the risk of cancer and cancer-associated mortality during a 40-years' follow-up using Cox proportional hazards models. A co-sibling design was employed to take familial factors into account. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 27 years 15 093 cases of cancer and 4900 cancer-associated mortalities were registered. Higher Wmax (per additional 1 SD) was associated with a decreased risk of cancer at 40 years of follow-up (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91-0.96 for cancer and HR 0.82 95% CI 0.76-0.87 for cancer-associated mortality) but not at 5 years of follow-up (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.99-1.07; and HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.97-1.12). In the co-sibling model the protective effects of high Wmax were increased at 40 years of follow-up for cancer (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85-0.98) and cancer-associated mortality (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.68-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify in late adolescence a potentially modifiable predictor of cancer, with higher aerobic fitness associated with a decreased risk of cancer incidence and mortality later in life.
Authors: Gerhard Ruedl; Nikolaus Greier; Martin Niedermeier; Markus Posch; Vera Prünster; Martin Faulhaber; Martin Burtscher Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-10-25 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Lindsay Nettlefold; Patti-Jean Naylor; Heather M Macdonald; Heather A McKay Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-13 Impact factor: 3.390