Thomas Ritz1, Chelsey A Werchan2, Juliet L Kroll2, David Rosenfield2. 1. Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address: tritz@smu.edu. 2. Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Psychological stress has been linked to common cold symptoms. Nitric oxide (NO) is part of the first line of epithelial defense against pathogens, and beetroot juice is a source of dietary nitrate that increases NO availability. We therefore tested whether beetroot juice protects against cold symptoms in a period of sustained acute stress. DESIGN:Seventy-six students, 16 of these with asthma, were randomly assigned to seven daily doses of beetroot juice or no supplementation control during their final exams. METHODS: Participants completed stress ratings, a cold symptom questionnaire, and exhaled NO measurements at a low-stress period and two periods during their final exams, with one questionnaire follow-up assessment seven days after finals. RESULTS:Beetroot juice was associated with reduced symptoms of cold and sickness during and following finals. Those with asthma showed the greatest benefits. Higher exhaled NO was concurrently and prospectively associated with reduced symptomatology. CONCLUSION:Beetroot juice during periods of psychological stress protects against cold symptoms. Preliminary evidence suggests particular benefits in asthma, which could translate into reduced asthma exacerbations due to respiratory infections. Clinical Trial ID: NCT03159273.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: Psychological stress has been linked to common cold symptoms. Nitric oxide (NO) is part of the first line of epithelial defense against pathogens, and beetroot juice is a source of dietary nitrate that increases NO availability. We therefore tested whether beetroot juice protects against cold symptoms in a period of sustained acute stress. DESIGN: Seventy-six students, 16 of these with asthma, were randomly assigned to seven daily doses of beetroot juice or no supplementation control during their final exams. METHODS:Participants completed stress ratings, a cold symptom questionnaire, and exhaled NO measurements at a low-stress period and two periods during their final exams, with one questionnaire follow-up assessment seven days after finals. RESULTS:Beetroot juice was associated with reduced symptoms of cold and sickness during and following finals. Those with asthma showed the greatest benefits. Higher exhaled NO was concurrently and prospectively associated with reduced symptomatology. CONCLUSION:Beetroot juice during periods of psychological stress protects against cold symptoms. Preliminary evidence suggests particular benefits in asthma, which could translate into reduced asthma exacerbations due to respiratory infections. Clinical Trial ID: NCT03159273.
Authors: Thomas Ritz; Margot L Salsman; Danielle A Young; Alexander R Lippert; Dave A Khan; Annie T Ginty Journal: Brain Behav Immun Health Date: 2021-04-05
Authors: Sandra Dias; Elisabete M S Castanheira; A Gil Fortes; David M Pereira; A Rita O Rodrigues; Regina Pereira; M Sameiro T Gonçalves Journal: Molecules Date: 2020-05-10 Impact factor: 4.411