Eri Ikeda1, Takahiko Shiba1, Yuichi Ikeda1, Wataru Suda2,3, Akinori Nakasato1, Yasuo Takeuchi4, Miyuki Azuma5, Masahira Hattori2,6, Yuichi Izumi1. 1. Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. 2. RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. 3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. takeuchi.peri@tmd.ac.jp. 5. Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to define the comprehensive bacterial flora of the healthy oral cavity by identifying and comparing bacterial species in different subgingival sites using 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples were taken from six target teeth (central incisor, first premolar, and first molar in both the maxilla and mandible) of 10 periodontally healthy patients. Bacterial DNA was extracted and next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed. RESULTS: Bacterial composition in phylum level was similar for all sites within the same individual irrespective of tooth location. Unweighted UniFrac distance values of microbiome also showed that average distance was significantly larger between subjects than between tooth locations of the same subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The present results clarify the lack of effect of tooth location in the healthy subgingival microbiota. Results may suggest that any subgingival site can demonstrate similar subject-specific microbiota. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This investigation offers a better understanding of the uniqueness of the oral microbiome. The present study will facilitate sampling in future subgingival microbiological studies.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to define the comprehensive bacterial flora of the healthy oral cavity by identifying and comparing bacterial species in different subgingival sites using 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples were taken from six target teeth (central incisor, first premolar, and first molar in both the maxilla and mandible) of 10 periodontally healthy patients. Bacterial DNA was extracted and next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed. RESULTS: Bacterial composition in phylum level was similar for all sites within the same individual irrespective of tooth location. Unweighted UniFrac distance values of microbiome also showed that average distance was significantly larger between subjects than between tooth locations of the same subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The present results clarify the lack of effect of tooth location in the healthy subgingival microbiota. Results may suggest that any subgingival site can demonstrate similar subject-specific microbiota. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This investigation offers a better understanding of the uniqueness of the oral microbiome. The present study will facilitate sampling in future subgingival microbiological studies.