Katie Featherstone1, Andy Northcott2, Jackie Bridges3. 1. Cardiff University, School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff, UK. Electronic address: featherstonek@cardiff.ac.uk. 2. De Montfort University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Leicester, UK. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/Northcott. 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is little research examining resistance, refusal or rejection of care by people living with dementia within acute hospital wards despite the prevalence of dementia in adult hospital populations. OBJECTIVES: To explore the ways in which resistance to care manifests within the acute setting and is understood, classified and subsequently managed by ward staff. DESIGN: Ethnography SETTING: Acute medical units and trauma and orthopaedic wards in five NHS hospitals in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: People living with dementia and nursing team members (registered nurses and healthcare assistants) on participating wards. METHODS: Observational fieldwork and ethnographic interviews collected over a period of 20 months (155 days of non-participant observation (minimum 2 h, maximum 12 h, total hours: 680) focusing on staff delivering care to patients with dementia. Interviewees included patients, visitors, and staff working on and visiting the ward. Data collection and analysis drew on the theoretical sampling and constant comparison techniques of grounded theory. RESULTS: We found that resistance to care by people living with dementia was a routine and expected part of everyday care in the participating acute hospital settings. The timetabled rounds of the ward (mealtimes, medication rounds, planned personal care) significantly shaped patient and staff experiences and behaviours. These routinized ward cultures typically triggered further patient resistance to bedside care. Institutional timetables, and the high value placed on achieving efficiency and reducing perceived risks to patients, dictated staff priorities, ensuring a focus on the delivery of essential everyday planned care over individual patient need or mood in that moment. Staff were thus trapped into delivering routines of care that triggered patterns of resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing staff struggle to respond to the needs of people living with dementia in acute care settings where the institutional drivers of routines, efficiency and risk reduction are not mediated by clinical leadership within the ward. Cycles of resistance in response to organisationally mandated timetables of care can result in poor care experiences for patients, and emotional and physical burnout for staff. More research is needed into how institutional goals can be better aligned to recognise the needs of a key hospital population: people living with dementia.
BACKGROUND: There is little research examining resistance, refusal or rejection of care by people living with dementia within acute hospital wards despite the prevalence of dementia in adult hospital populations. OBJECTIVES: To explore the ways in which resistance to care manifests within the acute setting and is understood, classified and subsequently managed by ward staff. DESIGN: Ethnography SETTING: Acute medical units and trauma and orthopaedic wards in five NHS hospitals in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: People living with dementia and nursing team members (registered nurses and healthcare assistants) on participating wards. METHODS: Observational fieldwork and ethnographic interviews collected over a period of 20 months (155 days of non-participant observation (minimum 2 h, maximum 12 h, total hours: 680) focusing on staff delivering care to patients with dementia. Interviewees included patients, visitors, and staff working on and visiting the ward. Data collection and analysis drew on the theoretical sampling and constant comparison techniques of grounded theory. RESULTS: We found that resistance to care by people living with dementia was a routine and expected part of everyday care in the participating acute hospital settings. The timetabled rounds of the ward (mealtimes, medication rounds, planned personal care) significantly shaped patient and staff experiences and behaviours. These routinized ward cultures typically triggered further patient resistance to bedside care. Institutional timetables, and the high value placed on achieving efficiency and reducing perceived risks to patients, dictated staff priorities, ensuring a focus on the delivery of essential everyday planned care over individual patient need or mood in that moment. Staff were thus trapped into delivering routines of care that triggered patterns of resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing staff struggle to respond to the needs of people living with dementia in acute care settings where the institutional drivers of routines, efficiency and risk reduction are not mediated by clinical leadership within the ward. Cycles of resistance in response to organisationally mandated timetables of care can result in poor care experiences for patients, and emotional and physical burnout for staff. More research is needed into how institutional goals can be better aligned to recognise the needs of a key hospital population: people living with dementia.
Authors: Jacqueline Crandall; Robin Coatsworth-Puspoky; Kimberly Schlegel; Lyndsay Beker; Victoria C McLelland; Lori Schindel Martin Journal: Dementia (London) Date: 2022-01-26