Tyler Hay1, Rinaldo Bellomo2, Tom Rechnitzer3, Emily See4, Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid3, Adam M Deane5. 1. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 2. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, The Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 3. Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 4. Intensive Care Unit, The Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. 5. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: adam.deane@mh.org.au.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prophylactic laxative bowel regimens may prevent constipation in enterally-fed critically ill patients. However, their use may also increase diarrhea. We performed a systematic review to: 1. Explore the epidemiology of constipation and/or diarrhea in critically ill patients; and 2. Appraise trials evaluating prophylactic laxative bowel regimens. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL for publications that reported constipation or diarrhea in critically ill adult patients and/or prophylactic laxative bowel regimens. RESULTS: The proportion of critically ill patients experiencing constipation was reported between 20% and 83% and the proportion experiencing diarrhea was reported between 3.3% and 78%. Six studies of prophylactic laxative bowel regimens were identified but only 3 randomised controlled trials were identified, and these were subjected to meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, a prophylactic laxative bowel regimen increased the risk of diarrhea (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.04) but did not reduce the risk of constipation (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.05), and did not affect the duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU admission, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Constipation and diarrhea occur frequently in the critically ill but data evaluating prophylactic laxative bowel regimens in such patients are sparse and do not support their use.
INTRODUCTION: Prophylactic laxative bowel regimens may prevent constipation in enterally-fed critically illpatients. However, their use may also increase diarrhea. We performed a systematic review to: 1. Explore the epidemiology of constipation and/or diarrhea in critically illpatients; and 2. Appraise trials evaluating prophylactic laxative bowel regimens. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL for publications that reported constipation or diarrhea in critically ill adult patients and/or prophylactic laxative bowel regimens. RESULTS: The proportion of critically illpatients experiencing constipation was reported between 20% and 83% and the proportion experiencing diarrhea was reported between 3.3% and 78%. Six studies of prophylactic laxative bowel regimens were identified but only 3 randomised controlled trials were identified, and these were subjected to meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, a prophylactic laxative bowel regimen increased the risk of diarrhea (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.04) but did not reduce the risk of constipation (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.05), and did not affect the duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU admission, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Constipation and diarrhea occur frequently in the critically ill but data evaluating prophylactic laxative bowel regimens in such patients are sparse and do not support their use.
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