Prognostic factors for one-year mortality in patients with acute heart failure with and without chronic kidney disease: differential impact of beta-blocker and diuretic treatments.

The pathophysiology and treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (HF) in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain ill defined. Here we compared the prognostic factors for 1-year mortality in patients with acute HF with and without CKD. We retrospectively studied 392 consecutive patients with acute decompensated HF. CKD as a comorbidity in these patients was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Potential risk factors for 1-year mortality were selected by univariate analyses; then multivariate Cox regression analysis with forward selection (likelihood ratio) was performed to identify significant factors. Across the study cohort, 65% of patients had CKD, and the 1-year mortality rate was 9.2%. In the HF with CKD group, older age, lower systolic blood pressure at admission, discharge medications without beta-blockers, and discharge medications without diuretics were independent risk factors for 1-year mortality. In contrast, coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and higher C-reactive protein levels were independent risk factors for 1-year mortality in the HF without CKD group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that discharge medications with no beta-blockers or diuretics correlated with significantly lower survival rates in patients with CKD (P < 0.001 in both groups, log-rank test), but not in patients without CKD (P = 0.822 and P = 0.374, respectively, log-rank test). Thus, there were significant differences in the prognostic factors for 1-year mortality between acute HF patients with and without CKD including beta-blocker and diuretic treatments. These findings suggest that patients with HF might benefit from individualized therapies.