Luis Torres1, Jeff Kammerman1, Andrew D Hahn1, Wei Zha1, Scott K Nagle2, Kevin Johnson3, Nathan Sandbo4, Keith Meyer4, Mark Schiebler5, Sean B Fain6. 1. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Rm. 2488, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI. 2. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Rm. 2488, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI. 3. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Rm. 2488, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI. 4. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI. 5. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI. 6. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Rm. 2488, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI. Electronic address: sfain@wisc.edu.
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with recent advances in ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung and its implications for pulmonary MRI when used in conjunction with functional MRI technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We provide an overview of recent technical advances of UTE and explore the advantages of combined structure-function pulmonary imaging in the context of restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and cystic fibrosis (CF). RESULTS: UTE MRI clearly shows the lung parenchymal changes due to IPF and CF. The use of UTE MRI, in conjunction with established functional lung MRI in chronic lung diseases, will serve to mitigate the need for computed tomography in children. CONCLUSION: Current limitations of UTE MRI include long scan times, poor delineation of thin-walled structures (e.g. cysts and reticulation) due to limited spatial resolution, low signal to noise ratio, and imperfect motion compensation. Despite these limitations, UTE MRI can now be considered as an alternative to multidetector computed tomography for the longitudinal follow-up of the morphological changes from lung diseases in neonates, children, and young adults, particularly as a complement to the unique functional capabilities of MRI.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with recent advances in ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung and its implications for pulmonary MRI when used in conjunction with functional MRI technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We provide an overview of recent technical advances of UTE and explore the advantages of combined structure-function pulmonary imaging in the context of restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and cystic fibrosis (CF). RESULTS: UTE MRI clearly shows the lung parenchymal changes due to IPF and CF. The use of UTE MRI, in conjunction with established functional lung MRI in chronic lung diseases, will serve to mitigate the need for computed tomography in children. CONCLUSION: Current limitations of UTE MRI include long scan times, poor delineation of thin-walled structures (e.g. cysts and reticulation) due to limited spatial resolution, low signal to noise ratio, and imperfect motion compensation. Despite these limitations, UTE MRI can now be considered as an alternative to multidetector computed tomography for the longitudinal follow-up of the morphological changes from lung diseases in neonates, children, and young adults, particularly as a complement to the unique functional capabilities of MRI.
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