Samantha M McDonald1, Andrew Ortaglia2, Christina Supino3, Matteo Bottai4. 1. Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Performance, College of Education, Winthrop University, 211 West Center, Rock Hill, SC, USA. Mcdonaldsa18@ecu.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 3. College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA. 4. Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Energy intake (EI) is suggested to be associated with adiposity and may explain previously observed fitness-adjusted racial disparities in waist circumference (WC). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the role of EI on the fitness-adjusted racial/ethnic disparities in WC in a nationally representative sample of females using quantile regression. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 3874 female participants (aged 12 to 49 years) from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The role of EI was assessed in separate analyses via estimation using a 24-hour dietary recall (DR) and the Institute of Medicine total daily energy expenditure equations. Age-stratified quantile regression models were used to estimate the differences in WC between minority groups and non-Hispanic (NH) white, adjusting for EI, CRF, age, and height. RESULTS: Results from the quantile regression analyses adjusting for EI via DR showed significant differences in WC between NH black and NH white at the 25th-90th WC percentiles (5.9-11.1 cm) for females 20-49 and at the 90th WC percentile (10.1 cm) for females 16-19. For females 12-15, no significant differences were observed between NH black and NH white. Analyses adjusting for EI via IOM showed significant differences in WC between NH black and NH white only for females aged 20-49 years, at the 50th and 75th percentile (1.7-3.6 cm). Compared to NH White, Mexican American females, in all age groups, tended to have significantly greater WC. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the importance of rigor in energy intake assessments, suggesting that EI, if adequately assessed, may explain a substantial part of the racial/ethnic differences in WC between NH black and NH white females. Additionally, the observed persistence of estimated differences in WC with advancing age suggests other factors (e.g., hormones) may play a role.
BACKGROUND: Energy intake (EI) is suggested to be associated with adiposity and may explain previously observed fitness-adjusted racial disparities in waist circumference (WC). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the role of EI on the fitness-adjusted racial/ethnic disparities in WC in a nationally representative sample of females using quantile regression. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 3874 female participants (aged 12 to 49 years) from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The role of EI was assessed in separate analyses via estimation using a 24-hour dietary recall (DR) and the Institute of Medicine total daily energy expenditure equations. Age-stratified quantile regression models were used to estimate the differences in WC between minority groups and non-Hispanic (NH) white, adjusting for EI, CRF, age, and height. RESULTS: Results from the quantile regression analyses adjusting for EI via DR showed significant differences in WC between NH black and NH white at the 25th-90th WC percentiles (5.9-11.1 cm) for females 20-49 and at the 90th WC percentile (10.1 cm) for females 16-19. For females 12-15, no significant differences were observed between NH black and NH white. Analyses adjusting for EI via IOM showed significant differences in WC between NH black and NH white only for females aged 20-49 years, at the 50th and 75th percentile (1.7-3.6 cm). Compared to NH White, Mexican American females, in all age groups, tended to have significantly greater WC. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the importance of rigor in energy intake assessments, suggesting that EI, if adequately assessed, may explain a substantial part of the racial/ethnic differences in WC between NH black and NH white females. Additionally, the observed persistence of estimated differences in WC with advancing age suggests other factors (e.g., hormones) may play a role.
Authors: Clifford L Johnson; Ryne Paulose-Ram; Cynthia L Ogden; Margaret D Carroll; Deanna Kruszon-Moran; Sylvia M Dohrmann; Lester R Curtin Journal: Vital Health Stat 2 Date: 2013-09
Authors: M L Ahmed; K K Ong; D J Morrell; L Cox; N Drayer; L Perry; M A Preece; D B Dunger Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 1999-03 Impact factor: 5.958