Tasuku Terada1, Normand G Boulé2. 1. Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1C 4W7, Canada. 2. Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, 1-052 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. Electronic address: nboule@ualberta.ca.
Abstract
AIMS: Metformin and lifestyle intervention are frequently prescribed together as first-line treatments for type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about their interplay. We investigated if the effects of a lifestyle intervention on glycemia, body mass and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were influenced by metformin therapy. METHODS: Participants randomized to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE) from the Look AHEAD trial were categorized into metformin therapy vs. no metformin. A two-by-two ANCOVA (i.e., metformin therapy vs. no metformin by ILI vs. DSE) was used to examine the changes in glycated hemoglobin A1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass, and CRF over the first year post-randomization, with a primary interest in the metformin-by-lifestyle interaction effect. RESULTS: Data from 1982 participants were analyzed. There was a significant metformin-by-lifestyle interaction effect on A1C (p = 0.031) and FPG (p = 0.043), resulting from larger reductions associated with metformin therapy compared to no metformin following DSE, but slightly smaller reduction associated with metformin therapy compared to no metformin following ILI. Metformin therapy was associated with smaller weight loss (-4.7 ± 6.2 vs. -5.7 ± 6.3 kg; main effect: p = 0.001) but not with differential CRF changes when compared to no metformin. CONCLUSIONS: The interaction between metformin therapy and lifestyle intervention on glycemia highlights the complicated nature of combining therapies. While the small influence of background metformin therapy on intensive lifestyle intervention should not discourage the concomitant use of these therapies, our results showed that, for individuals undergoing intensive lifestyle therapy, background metformin therapy conferred little additional benefits.
RCT Entities:
AIMS: Metformin and lifestyle intervention are frequently prescribed together as first-line treatments for type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about their interplay. We investigated if the effects of a lifestyle intervention on glycemia, body mass and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were influenced by metformin therapy. METHODS:Participants randomized to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE) from the Look AHEAD trial were categorized into metformin therapy vs. no metformin. A two-by-two ANCOVA (i.e., metformin therapy vs. no metformin by ILI vs. DSE) was used to examine the changes in glycated hemoglobin A1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass, and CRF over the first year post-randomization, with a primary interest in the metformin-by-lifestyle interaction effect. RESULTS: Data from 1982 participants were analyzed. There was a significant metformin-by-lifestyle interaction effect on A1C (p = 0.031) and FPG (p = 0.043), resulting from larger reductions associated with metformin therapy compared to no metformin following DSE, but slightly smaller reduction associated with metformin therapy compared to no metformin following ILI. Metformin therapy was associated with smaller weight loss (-4.7 ± 6.2 vs. -5.7 ± 6.3 kg; main effect: p = 0.001) but not with differential CRF changes when compared to no metformin. CONCLUSIONS: The interaction between metformin therapy and lifestyle intervention on glycemia highlights the complicated nature of combining therapies. While the small influence of background metformin therapy on intensive lifestyle intervention should not discourage the concomitant use of these therapies, our results showed that, for individuals undergoing intensive lifestyle therapy, background metformin therapy conferred little additional benefits.
Authors: Tasuku Terada; Jennifer L Reed; Sol Vidal-Almela; Matheus Mistura; Kentaro Kamiya; Kimberley L Way Journal: Cardiovasc Diabetol Date: 2022-03-15 Impact factor: 9.951