Linde van Lee1, Sarah R Crozier2, Izzuddin M Aris1,3, Mya T Tint1,3, Suresh Anand Sadananthan1, Navin Michael1, Phaik Ling Quah1, Sian M Robinson2,4, Hazel M Inskip2,4, Nicholas C Harvey2,4, Mary Barker2,4, Cyrus Cooper2,4, Sendhil S Velan1,5,6, Yung Seng Lee1,7,8, Marielle V Fortier1,9, Fabian Yap10,11,12, Peter D Gluckman1,13, Kok Hian Tan14, Lynette P Shek1,7, Yap-Seng Chong1,3, Keith M Godfrey2,4, Mary F F Chong1,15,16. 1. Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. 2. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK. 3. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 4. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK. 5. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. 6. Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 8. Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. 9. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 10. Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. 11. Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 12. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. 13. Liggings Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand. 14. Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 15. Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. 16. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Choline status has been positively associated with weight and fat mass in animal and human studies. As evidence examining maternal circulating choline concentrations and offspring body composition in human infants/children is lacking, we investigated this in two cohorts. METHODS: Maternal choline concentrations were measured in the UK Southampton Women's Survey (SWS; serum, n = 985, 11 weeks' gestation) and Singapore Growing Up Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO); n = 955, 26-28 weeks' gestation) mother-offspring cohorts. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth and up to age 5 years. Body fat mass was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at birth and age 4 years for SWS; and using air-displacement plethysmography at birth and age 5 years for GUSTO. Linear-regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: In SWS, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal total body fat mass {β = 0.60 standard deviation [SD]/5 µmol/L maternal choline [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-1.16]} and higher subscapular skinfold thickness [β = 0.55 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.12-1.00)] at birth. In GUSTO, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal body mass index-for-age z-score [β = 0.31 SD/5 µmol/L (0.10-0.51)] and higher triceps [β = 0.38 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.11-0.65)] and subscapular skinfold thicknesses [β = 0.26 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.01-0.50)] at birth. No consistent trends were observed between maternal choline and offspring gain in body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, weight, length/height and adiposity measures in later infancy and early childhood. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that maternal circulating choline concentrations during pregnancy are positively associated with offspring BMI, skinfold thicknesses and adiposity at birth, but not with growth and adiposity through infancy and early childhood to the age of 5 years.
BACKGROUND:Choline status has been positively associated with weight and fat mass in animal and human studies. As evidence examining maternal circulating choline concentrations and offspring body composition in humaninfants/children is lacking, we investigated this in two cohorts. METHODS: Maternal choline concentrations were measured in the UK Southampton Women's Survey (SWS; serum, n = 985, 11 weeks' gestation) and Singapore Growing Up Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO); n = 955, 26-28 weeks' gestation) mother-offspring cohorts. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth and up to age 5 years. Body fat mass was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at birth and age 4 years for SWS; and using air-displacement plethysmography at birth and age 5 years for GUSTO. Linear-regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: In SWS, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal total body fat mass {β = 0.60 standard deviation [SD]/5 µmol/L maternal choline [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-1.16]} and higher subscapular skinfold thickness [β = 0.55 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.12-1.00)] at birth. In GUSTO, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal body mass index-for-age z-score [β = 0.31 SD/5 µmol/L (0.10-0.51)] and higher triceps [β = 0.38 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.11-0.65)] and subscapular skinfold thicknesses [β = 0.26 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.01-0.50)] at birth. No consistent trends were observed between maternal choline and offspring gain in body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, weight, length/height and adiposity measures in later infancy and early childhood. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that maternal circulating choline concentrations during pregnancy are positively associated with offspring BMI, skinfold thicknesses and adiposity at birth, but not with growth and adiposity through infancy and early childhood to the age of 5 years.
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