Jaime D Martinez1,2,3, Anat Galor4,2, Guillermo Amescua2, Nallely Ramos-Betancourt1,3, Francisco Beltrán1,3, Alejandro Babayán Sosa5,3, Concepción Santacruz Valdés6,3, Cecilia Ramírez-Assad7, Elsa Mora Juárez8, Everardo Hernández-Quintela9,10,11. 1. Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera (APEC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, #46 Vicente García Torres, Delegación Coyoacán, 04030, México City, México. 2. Cornea and Ocular Surface Service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. 3. CICV MARVO (Colegio de Investigación en Ciencias Visuales, MARVO), México City, México. 4. Ophthalmology Department, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA. 5. Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Fundación Hospital "Nuestra Señora de la Luz" IAP, México City, México. 6. Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana, México City, México. 7. Rheumatology and Systemic Vasculitis, Hospital Christus Muguerza Saltillo, Coahuila, México. 8. Psychology Department, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera (APEC), México City, México. 9. Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera (APEC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, #46 Vicente García Torres, Delegación Coyoacán, 04030, México City, México. evehq@yahoo.com. 10. Sigma Delta Health Systems, S.C., México City, México. evehq@yahoo.com. 11. CICV MARVO (Colegio de Investigación en Ciencias Visuales, MARVO), México City, México. evehq@yahoo.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To translate and validate a Spanish-language adaptation of the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire for the Mexican population. METHODS: Based on the MAPI Institute guidelines, the linguistic validation procedures consisted of four steps. Every step was reviewed by the committee. The translated validated questionnaire was applied to 25 Mexican subjects. The questionnaires were completed by the same subjects at three time points, 8 h apart on the same day and then 3 days later. Sensitivity and specificity of the DEQ-5 to predict DE signs was subsequently estimated in 200 patients see in the Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera ophthalmology clinic. RESULTS: During the forward translation step analysis, the committee decided to change the severity scale, as the words "constantly" and "frequently" are synonymous in Spanish, so it was modified by changing "constantly" to "always" for better understanding. Overall, the intra-test intra-class correlation coefficient from tests administered on the same day was 0.9 (95% CI 0.77-0.95, p = 0.0005). The intra-test intra-class correlation coefficient from tests administered 3 days apart was 0.9 (95% CI 0.88-0.97, p = 0.0005). When applying the questionnaire to 200 patients seen in an eye clinic, we found a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 31% for a DEQ-5 score of ≥ 6, against 2 or more positive signs of dry eye. CONCLUSION: MAPI methodology proved to be a reliable strategy for the transcultural Dry Eye Questionnaire for translation from English to Spanish for the Mexican population.
PURPOSE: To translate and validate a Spanish-language adaptation of the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire for the Mexican population. METHODS: Based on the MAPI Institute guidelines, the linguistic validation procedures consisted of four steps. Every step was reviewed by the committee. The translated validated questionnaire was applied to 25 Mexican subjects. The questionnaires were completed by the same subjects at three time points, 8 h apart on the same day and then 3 days later. Sensitivity and specificity of the DEQ-5 to predict DE signs was subsequently estimated in 200 patients see in the Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera ophthalmology clinic. RESULTS: During the forward translation step analysis, the committee decided to change the severity scale, as the words "constantly" and "frequently" are synonymous in Spanish, so it was modified by changing "constantly" to "always" for better understanding. Overall, the intra-test intra-class correlation coefficient from tests administered on the same day was 0.9 (95% CI 0.77-0.95, p = 0.0005). The intra-test intra-class correlation coefficient from tests administered 3 days apart was 0.9 (95% CI 0.88-0.97, p = 0.0005). When applying the questionnaire to 200 patients seen in an eye clinic, we found a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 31% for a DEQ-5 score of ≥ 6, against 2 or more positive signs of dry eye. CONCLUSION: MAPI methodology proved to be a reliable strategy for the transcultural Dry Eye Questionnaire for translation from English to Spanish for the Mexican population.
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