Paul Brunault1, Julie Frammery2, Pauline Montaudon3, Arnaud De Luca4, Régis Hankard5, Pierre Henri Ducluzeau6, Samuele Cortese7, Nicolas Ballon8. 1. CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie & Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France; Université de Tours, INSERM U1253 iBrain « Brain and Imaging », 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex, France; Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, France. Electronic address: paul.brunault@univ-tours.fr. 2. CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie & Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France; Centre Hospitalier Louis Sevestre, La Futaie, 37390, La Membrolle sur Choisille, France. Electronic address: j.frammery@chu-tours.fr. 3. CHRU de Tours, Service de Psychiatrie A, avenue de la république, 37170, Chambray-lès-Tours, France. Electronic address: p.montaudon@chu-tours.fr. 4. CHRU de Tours, Centre Spécialisé pour la prise en charge de l'Obésité sévère, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, U1069, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Unité mobile de nutrition, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000, Tours, France. Electronic address: a.deluca@chu-tours.fr. 5. CHRU de Tours, Centre Spécialisé pour la prise en charge de l'Obésité sévère, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, U1069, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Unité mobile de nutrition, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000, Tours, France. Electronic address: regis.hankard@univ-tours.fr. 6. Université de Tours, INSERM, U1069, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000, Tours, France. Electronic address: ph.ducluzeau@chu-tours.fr. 7. Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: samuele.cortese@gmail.com. 8. CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie & Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France; Université de Tours, INSERM U1253 iBrain « Brain and Imaging », 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex, France. Electronic address: nicolas.ballon@univ-tours.fr.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The exact mechanisms underlying the established association between ADHD and obesity remain unclear. Food addiction and binge eating may contribute to this link. We examined for the first time the association between childhood/adult ADHD and food addiction/binge eating in patients with obesity, as well as the association between ADHD and sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS: We included 105 obese patients from the Nutrition Department of the University Hospital of Tours (France) between January and December 2014. We assessed categorical diagnoses of childhood/adulthood ADHD (semi-structured interview DIVA 2.0), food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0), binge eating (Binge Eating Scale), obstructive sleep apnea (clinical assessment), and BMI (clinical assessment). RESULTS: Patients with adult ADHD were at significantly higher risk of food addiction than patients without adult ADHD (28.6% vs. 9.1%; p = .016). Adult and childhood ADHD were significantly associated with self-reported food addiction, food addiction scores and binge eating scores, with a larger effect size for adult (ORs: 4.00 [1.29-12.40], 1.37 [1.14-1.65] and 1.08 [1.03-1.14], respectively) than childhood (ORs: 3.32 [1.08-10.23], 1.29 [1.08-1.55] and 1.06 [1.01-1.11], respectively) ADHD. ADHD diagnosis was not significantly correlated to obstructive sleep apnea. Mean age of onset of ADHD preceded mean age of onset of obesity. CONCLUSION: ADHD diagnosis is associated with food addiction and binge eating, with a larger effect size for adult than childhood ADHD. Our results provide a strong rationale for further longitudinal research on the link between ADHD, food addiction, binge eating and obesity, paving the way for evidence-based therapeutic interventions for these patients.
INTRODUCTION: The exact mechanisms underlying the established association between ADHD and obesity remain unclear. Food addiction and binge eating may contribute to this link. We examined for the first time the association between childhood/adult ADHD and food addiction/binge eating in patients with obesity, as well as the association between ADHD and sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS: We included 105 obesepatients from the Nutrition Department of the University Hospital of Tours (France) between January and December 2014. We assessed categorical diagnoses of childhood/adulthood ADHD (semi-structured interview DIVA 2.0), food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0), binge eating (Binge Eating Scale), obstructive sleep apnea (clinical assessment), and BMI (clinical assessment). RESULTS:Patients with adult ADHD were at significantly higher risk of food addiction than patients without adult ADHD (28.6% vs. 9.1%; p = .016). Adult and childhood ADHD were significantly associated with self-reported food addiction, food addiction scores and binge eating scores, with a larger effect size for adult (ORs: 4.00 [1.29-12.40], 1.37 [1.14-1.65] and 1.08 [1.03-1.14], respectively) than childhood (ORs: 3.32 [1.08-10.23], 1.29 [1.08-1.55] and 1.06 [1.01-1.11], respectively) ADHD. ADHD diagnosis was not significantly correlated to obstructive sleep apnea. Mean age of onset of ADHD preceded mean age of onset of obesity. CONCLUSION:ADHD diagnosis is associated with food addiction and binge eating, with a larger effect size for adult than childhood ADHD. Our results provide a strong rationale for further longitudinal research on the link between ADHD, food addiction, binge eating and obesity, paving the way for evidence-based therapeutic interventions for these patients.
Authors: David Ruiz-Ramos; José Jaime Martínez-Magaña; Ana Rosa García; Isela Esther Juarez-Rojop; Thelma Beatriz Gonzalez-Castro; Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate; Emmanuel Sarmiento; María Lilia López-Narvaez; Humberto Nicolini; Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-08 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Sarah El Archi; Samuele Cortese; Nicolas Ballon; Christian Réveillère; Arnaud De Luca; Servane Barrault; Paul Brunault Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-10-27 Impact factor: 5.717