Kenji Takagishi1, Tetsuya Matsuura2, Takashi Masatomi3, Etsuo Chosa4, Tsuyoshi Tajika5, Tetsu Iwama6, Mikihiko Watanabe7, Toshiro Otani8, Katsunori Inagaki9, Hiroyasu Ikegami10, Mitsuhiro Aoki11, Toru Okuwaki12, Yasushi Kameyama13, Maeda Akira14, Koji Kaneoka15, Masaaki Sakamoto16, Moroe Beppu17. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, 786-7, Kamisano-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0857, Japan. Electronic address: ktakagishi@gunma-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3, Ukida, Kita-Ward, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan. 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan. 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. 6. Iwama Orthopaedic Clinic, 8-10-12, Hino, Kounan Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 234-0051, Japan. 7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Asuka Hospital, 3-33-1, Okusawa, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 158-0083, Japan. 8. Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. 9. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa City, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan. 10. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6, Ohashi, Meguro City, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan. 11. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita Ward, Sapporo, 002-8072, Japan. 12. Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Japan Sport Council, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita City, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan. 13. Idota Orthopedics, Meieki Sports Clinic, 2-6-5, Meieki, Nishi Ward, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0045, Japan. 14. Hakata Knee & Sports Clinic, 5-7 Shimogofuku-machi, Hakata Ward, Fukuoka, 812-0034, Japan. 15. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University: 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. 16. Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University: 3-39-33 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. 17. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna Medical University, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae Ward, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite proposals and guidelines to prevent baseball injuries in young players by societies and organizations, many shoulder and elbow injuries continue to occur among junior high school baseball players. In order to investigate the training conditions of junior high school baseball players and the risk factors for shoulder and elbow pain in the players, we conducted a questionnaire survey among junior high school baseball players throughout the country. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was conducted among junior high school baseball players in September 2016. RESULTS: A total of 11,134 junior high school baseball players belonging to 495 teams responded to the survey. Among these, 4004 players trained every day of the week and 1151 players played baseball games every month with no off-season. Among 9752 players who did not have shoulder and/or elbow pain in the spring and summer of 2015, 19.2% of players experienced elbow pain over the course of one year, 13.6% of players experienced shoulder pain, and 28.0% complained of shoulder and/or elbow pain. The frequency of elbow pain was more than that of shoulder pain. At risk for shoulder pain were pitchers and catchers and second-year students, while risk factors for elbow pain were playing pitcher and catcher positions, pitching or throwing ≥300 balls per week, playing ≥10 games on average per month and being left-handed. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for shoulder pain were different from those for elbow pain. To prevent elbow pain, coaches should pay attention to pitchers and catchers and left-handed players and not allow players to pitch or throw ≥300 full-power balls per week or participate in ≥10 games per month. They should also pay attention to pitchers and catchers and second-year students to prevent shoulder pain. It is important for coaches to train multiple pitchers and catchers.
BACKGROUND: Despite proposals and guidelines to prevent baseball injuries in young players by societies and organizations, many shoulder and elbow injuries continue to occur among junior high school baseball players. In order to investigate the training conditions of junior high school baseball players and the risk factors for shoulder and elbow pain in the players, we conducted a questionnaire survey among junior high school baseball players throughout the country. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was conducted among junior high school baseball players in September 2016. RESULTS: A total of 11,134 junior high school baseball players belonging to 495 teams responded to the survey. Among these, 4004 players trained every day of the week and 1151 players played baseball games every month with no off-season. Among 9752 players who did not have shoulder and/or elbow pain in the spring and summer of 2015, 19.2% of players experienced elbow pain over the course of one year, 13.6% of players experienced shoulder pain, and 28.0% complained of shoulder and/or elbow pain. The frequency of elbow pain was more than that of shoulder pain. At risk for shoulder pain were pitchers and catchers and second-year students, while risk factors for elbow pain were playing pitcher and catcher positions, pitching or throwing ≥300 balls per week, playing ≥10 games on average per month and being left-handed. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for shoulder pain were different from those for elbow pain. To prevent elbow pain, coaches should pay attention to pitchers and catchers and left-handed players and not allow players to pitch or throw ≥300 full-power balls per week or participate in ≥10 games per month. They should also pay attention to pitchers and catchers and second-year students to prevent shoulder pain. It is important for coaches to train multiple pitchers and catchers.
Authors: Ross M Nakaji; Todd S Ellenbecker; Kevin M McClenahan; Lianna M Roberts; Chase Perez; Scott B Dickenson Journal: Int J Sports Phys Ther Date: 2021-02-01
Authors: Yuri Hosokawa; Yuki Murata; Rebecca L Stearns; Miwako Suzuki-Yamanaka; Kristen L Kucera; Douglas J Casa Journal: Inj Epidemiol Date: 2021-07-12