Antonio P Strafella1,2,3, Nico I Bohnen4,5,6, Nicola Pavese7, David E Vaillancourt8, Thilo van Eimeren9,10,11, Marios Politis12, Alessandro Tessitore13, Christine Ghadery1,2,3, Simon Lewis14. 1. Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. 2. Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. 3. Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. 4. Department of Radiology & Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. 5. Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor Michigan USA. 6. Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. 7. Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre & Positron Emission Tomography Centre Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom. 8. Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA. 9. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Neurology University of Cologne Cologne Germany. 10. Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre Jülich Germany. 11. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn-Cologne Bonn Germany. 12. Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London London United Kingdom. 13. Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences-MRI Research Center SUN-FISM University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy. 14. Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease; however, to date, there is no approved treatment that stops or slows down disease progression. Over the past decades, neuroimaging studies, including molecular imaging and MRI are trying to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying PD. METHODS: This work utilized a literature review. RESULTS: It is now becoming clear that these imaging modalities can provide biomarkers that can objectively detect brain changes related to PD and monitor these changes as the disease progresses, and these biomarkers are required to establish a breakthrough in neuroprotective or disease-modifying therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we provide a review of recent observations deriving from PET, single-positron emission tomography, and MRI studies exploring PD and other parkinsonian disorders.
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease; however, to date, there is no approved treatment that stops or slows down disease progression. Over the past decades, neuroimaging studies, including molecular imaging and MRI are trying to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying PD. METHODS: This work utilized a literature review. RESULTS: It is now becoming clear that these imaging modalities can provide biomarkers that can objectively detect brain changes related to PD and monitor these changes as the disease progresses, and these biomarkers are required to establish a breakthrough in neuroprotective or disease-modifying therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we provide a review of recent observations deriving from PET, single-positron emission tomography, and MRI studies exploring PD and other parkinsonian disorders.
Entities:
Keywords:
Parkinson's disease; imaging biomarker; magnetic resonance imaging; molecular imaging
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