Highly ambient-stable few-layer black phosphorene by pulsed laser exfoliation and HEMM.

Pulsed laser exfoliation was successfully applied to fabricate few-layer phosphorene from high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) synthesized black phosphorus (BP) powders and crystals. The results show that the polycrystalline phosphorene laser-exfoliated from the HEMM-synthesized BP powders is highly stable in ambient environments, providing proof-of-concept for the low-cost fabrication of highly stable few-layer phosphorene for large-scale applications.