HLA-mismatched stem cell microtransplantation compared to matched-sibling donor transplantation for intermediate/high-risk acute myeloid leukemia.

HLA-mismatched stem cell microtransplantation is a new form of transplantation reported in recent years. We compared 59 patients undergoing microtransplantation to 66 patients undergoing HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) transplantation at the same period from April 2012 to December 2016, who all suffered from intermediate/high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1). The estimated overall survival (OS) at 2 years was 74.1% ± 6.2% and 34.3% ± 7.9% in MSD and microtransplantation group, respectively (P = 0.001). The estimated leukemia-free survival (LFS) at 2 years was 73.3% ± 6.1% in the MSD group and 31.6% ± 7.6% in the microtransplantation group (P = 0.000). The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 17.6% and 62.3% in the MSD and microtransplantation groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). The 2-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 10.9% in MSD group and 4.2% in the microtransplantation group (P = 0.251). Hematopoietic recovery time was shorter in the microtransplantation group than in the MSD group (P < 0.05). The infection rate was higher in the MSD group than in the microtransplantation group (P = 0.012). The preliminary results suggested that OS and LFS of microtransplantation were inferior to MSD transplantation for intermediate/high-risk AML in CR1.