Juan R Bustillo1, Thomas Jones2, Clifford Qualls3, Leslie Chavez2, Denise Lin2, Rhoshel K Lenroot2, Charles Gasparovic4. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States. Electronic address: jbustillo@salud.unm.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States. 3. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States. 4. Mind Research Network, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glutamine plus glutamate (Glx), as well as N-acetylaspartate compounds, (NAAc), a marker of neuronal viability, are quantified with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and have been reported altered in psychotic disorders. However, few studies have compared these neurometabolites in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS: Used 1H-MRS imaging from an axial supraventricular slab of gray matter (GM; medial-frontal and medial-parietal) and white matter (WM; bilateral-frontal and bilateral-parietal) voxels. Bipolar-I with history of psychosis (N = 43), schizophrenia (N = 41) and healthy controls (HC; N = 45) were studied (age range: 17-65). RESULTS: Amongst younger (age ≤40 years-median split) bipolar-I vs HC subjects Glx was increased (p < 0.001), while NAAc was reduced in WM (p < 0.001). In GM, NAAc (p < 0.001) and myo-inositol (p = 0.002) were reduced. Amongst older bipolar-I (vs HC) in WM regions we found reductions in: NAAc (p < 0.001), glycerophospho-choline + phospho-choline (p < 0.001), creatine + phospho-creatine (p < 0.001) and myo-inositol (p < 0.001); in GM only Glx was increased (p < 0.005). Contrasts between bipolar-I and schizophrenia produced fewer results: amongst younger subjects, reduced NAAc (p < 0.001) in WM and lower myo-inositol in GM (p = 0.04) in bipolar-I vs schizophrenia. In the older patients, bipolar-I had lower GM NAAc (p = 0.009) than schizophrenia. LIMITATIONS: First, differential exposure to antipsychotic and mood stabilizing medication across the groups. Second, differences in substance use histories among the groups. Third, neglect of peripheral and ventral cortical and subcortical regions. Finally, limited power to detect bipolar/schizophrenia differences. CONCLUSIONS: Chronically-treated bipolar-I have increased Glx and reduced NAAc, suggestive of neuronal dysfunction. The NAAc reductions are more severe in bipolar-I than in schizophrenia patients.
BACKGROUND:Glutamine plus glutamate (Glx), as well as N-acetylaspartate compounds, (NAAc), a marker of neuronal viability, are quantified with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and have been reported altered in psychotic disorders. However, few studies have compared these neurometabolites in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS: Used 1H-MRS imaging from an axial supraventricular slab of gray matter (GM; medial-frontal and medial-parietal) and white matter (WM; bilateral-frontal and bilateral-parietal) voxels. Bipolar-I with history of psychosis (N = 43), schizophrenia (N = 41) and healthy controls (HC; N = 45) were studied (age range: 17-65). RESULTS: Amongst younger (age ≤40 years-median split) bipolar-I vs HC subjects Glx was increased (p < 0.001), while NAAc was reduced in WM (p < 0.001). In GM, NAAc (p < 0.001) and myo-inositol (p = 0.002) were reduced. Amongst older bipolar-I (vs HC) in WM regions we found reductions in: NAAc (p < 0.001), glycerophospho-choline + phospho-choline (p < 0.001), creatine + phospho-creatine (p < 0.001) and myo-inositol (p < 0.001); in GM only Glx was increased (p < 0.005). Contrasts between bipolar-I and schizophrenia produced fewer results: amongst younger subjects, reduced NAAc (p < 0.001) in WM and lower myo-inositol in GM (p = 0.04) in bipolar-I vs schizophrenia. In the older patients, bipolar-I had lower GM NAAc (p = 0.009) than schizophrenia. LIMITATIONS: First, differential exposure to antipsychotic and mood stabilizing medication across the groups. Second, differences in substance use histories among the groups. Third, neglect of peripheral and ventral cortical and subcortical regions. Finally, limited power to detect bipolar/schizophrenia differences. CONCLUSIONS: Chronically-treated bipolar-I have increased Glx and reduced NAAc, suggestive of neuronal dysfunction. The NAAc reductions are more severe in bipolar-I than in schizophreniapatients.
Authors: Jonathan Chabert; Etienne Allauze; Bruno Pereira; Carine Chassain; Ingrid De Chazeron; Jean-Yves Rotgé; Philippe Fossati; Pierre-Michel Llorca; Ludovic Samalin Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2022-08-11 Impact factor: 6.208
Authors: Juan R Bustillo; Elizabeth G Mayer; Joel Upston; Thomas Jones; Crystal Garcia; Sulaiman Sheriff; Andrew Maudsley; Mauricio Tohen; Charles Gasparovic; Rhoshel Lenroot Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2021-06-07 Impact factor: 5.435