Reinhard Gruber1,2. 1. Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Abstract
AIM: Osteoimmunology covers the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory osteolysis that culminates in the degradation of alveolar bone. Osteoimmunology also focuses on the interplay of immune cells with bone cells during bone remodelling and regeneration. The aim of this review was to provide insights into how osteoimmunology affects alveolar bone health and disease. METHOD: This review is based on a narrative approach to assemble mouse models that provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms causing inflammatory osteolysis and on the impact of immune cells on alveolar bone regeneration. RESULTS: Mouse models have revealed the molecular pathways by which microbial and other factors activate immune cells that initiate an inflammatory response. The inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss occurs with the concomitant suppression of bone formation. Mouse models also showed that immune cells contribute to the resolution of inflammation and bone regeneration, even though studies with a focus on alveolar socket healing are rare. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that osteoimmunology is evolutionarily conserved, osteolysis removes the cause of inflammation by provoking tooth loss. The impact of immune cells on bone regeneration is presumably a way to reinitiate the developmental mechanisms of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.
AIM: Osteoimmunology covers the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory osteolysis that culminates in the degradation of alveolar bone. Osteoimmunology also focuses on the interplay of immune cells with bone cells during bone remodelling and regeneration. The aim of this review was to provide insights into how osteoimmunology affects alveolar bone health and disease. METHOD: This review is based on a narrative approach to assemble mouse models that provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms causing inflammatory osteolysis and on the impact of immune cells on alveolar bone regeneration. RESULTS:Mouse models have revealed the molecular pathways by which microbial and other factors activate immune cells that initiate an inflammatory response. The inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss occurs with the concomitant suppression of bone formation. Mouse models also showed that immune cells contribute to the resolution of inflammation and bone regeneration, even though studies with a focus on alveolar socket healing are rare. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that osteoimmunology is evolutionarily conserved, osteolysis removes the cause of inflammation by provoking tooth loss. The impact of immune cells on bone regeneration is presumably a way to reinitiate the developmental mechanisms of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.
Authors: Ulrike Kuchler; Gabriel Mulinari Dos Santos; Patrick Heimel; Alexandra Stähli; Franz Josef Strauss; Stefan Tangl; Reinhard Gruber Journal: Clin Oral Implants Res Date: 2019-09-30 Impact factor: 5.021
Authors: Gabriel Leonardo Magrin; Francesca Di Summa; Franz-Josef Strauss; Layla Panahipour; Michael Mildner; Cesar Augusto Magalhães Benfatti; Reinhard Gruber Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2020-02-29 Impact factor: 6.208
Authors: Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza; Stefan Tangl; Marco Bianchini; Ricardo Magini; Karina Obreja; Reinhard Gruber; Frank Schwarz Journal: Int J Implant Dent Date: 2020-03-25