Piotr Kamieniak1, Joanna Bielewicz2, Jacek Kurzepa3, Beata Daniluk4, Joanna Kocot3, Tomasz Trojanowski1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. 2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. 3. Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. 4. Institute of Psychology, Marie Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The impact of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on serum levels of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was assessed in a group of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The study was to give new insights into the SCS mechanism of action and the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the development of NP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical assessments were performed and biochemical markers were determined in two groups of patients: the control group (24 individuals) and the FBSS group (24 patients). Seventeen patients with the FBSS had SCS implanted and were examined before surgical procedure, one month after (17 patients), and three months after operation (12 patients). Clinical status was assessed with the use numeric rating scale, pain rating index of McGill pain questionnaire, Oswestry disability index and Beck depression inventory. MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum levels were determined using gelatin zymography. Immunoenzymatic method was employed to determine plasma concentrations of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). RESULTS: Levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were higher in the FBSS group compared to the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The concentration of MMP-2 was significantly increased (p = 0.0135) one-month post-SCS and remained elevated but stable up to three months after implantation. TIMP-2, MMP-2/TIMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 serum levels did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: MMPs may play a role in the development of FBSS. SCS increases the already elevated MMP-2 serum levels which are associated with neuroinflammatory processes in FBSS patients.
OBJECTIVES: The impact of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on serum levels of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was assessed in a group of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The study was to give new insights into the SCS mechanism of action and the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the development of NP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical assessments were performed and biochemical markers were determined in two groups of patients: the control group (24 individuals) and the FBSS group (24 patients). Seventeen patients with the FBSS had SCS implanted and were examined before surgical procedure, one month after (17 patients), and three months after operation (12 patients). Clinical status was assessed with the use numeric rating scale, pain rating index of McGill pain questionnaire, Oswestry disability index and Beck depression inventory. MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum levels were determined using gelatin zymography. Immunoenzymatic method was employed to determine plasma concentrations of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). RESULTS: Levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were higher in the FBSS group compared to the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The concentration of MMP-2 was significantly increased (p = 0.0135) one-month post-SCS and remained elevated but stable up to three months after implantation. TIMP-2, MMP-2/TIMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 serum levels did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: MMPs may play a role in the development of FBSS. SCS increases the already elevated MMP-2 serum levels which are associated with neuroinflammatory processes in FBSS patients.
Authors: Jacob Caylor; Rajiv Reddy; Sopyda Yin; Christina Cui; Mingxiong Huang; Charles Huang; Rao Ramesh; Dewleen G Baker; Alan Simmons; Dmitri Souza; Samer Narouze; Ricardo Vallejo; Imanuel Lerman Journal: Bioelectron Med Date: 2019-06-28