Vasiliki Triantafillou1, Alan D Workman1, Neil N Patel1, Ivy W Maina1, Charles C L Tong1, Edward C Kuan2, David W Kennedy1, James N Palmer1, Nithin D Adappa1, Salomon Waizel-Haiat3, Noam A Cohen1,4,5. 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA. 3. Smell and Taste Clinic, Centro Neurológico ABC, Centro Médico ABC, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 4. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. 5. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Broncho-Vaxom® (OM-85 BV) is an extract of infectious respiratory bacteria that is used as an immunostimulant outside of the United States for the prevention and treatment of bronchitis and rhinosinusitis. Prior studies have shown that use of OM-85 BV is associated with reduction in frequency of respiratory infection and decreased duration of antibiotic usage. However, the effects of OM-85 BV on respiratory mucosal innate immunity are unknown. METHODS: Human sinonasal epithelial cells were grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and nitric oxide (NO) production in response to stimulation with OM-85 BV was measured in vitro. Pharmacologic inhibitors of bitter taste receptor (T2R) signaling were used to determine if this pathway was taste-receptor-mediated. RESULTS: Apical application of OM-85 BV resulted in an NO-mediated increase in CBF (p < 0.05) and increased NO production (p < 0.0001) when compared to saline-stimulated control cultures. ALI pretreatment with taste receptor pathway inhibitors blocked OM-85 BV-induced increases in NO. CONCLUSION: OM-85 BV has ciliostimulatory and immunogenic properties that may be partially responsible for its observed efficacy as a respiratory therapeutic. These responses were NO-dependent and consistent with T2R activation. Further work is necessary to elucidate specific component-receptor signaling relationships.
BACKGROUND: Broncho-Vaxom® (OM-85 BV) is an extract of infectious respiratory bacteria that is used as an immunostimulant outside of the United States for the prevention and treatment of bronchitis and rhinosinusitis. Prior studies have shown that use of OM-85 BV is associated with reduction in frequency of respiratory infection and decreased duration of antibiotic usage. However, the effects of OM-85 BV on respiratory mucosal innate immunity are unknown. METHODS:Human sinonasal epithelial cells were grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and nitric oxide (NO) production in response to stimulation with OM-85 BV was measured in vitro. Pharmacologic inhibitors of bitter taste receptor (T2R) signaling were used to determine if this pathway was taste-receptor-mediated. RESULTS: Apical application of OM-85 BV resulted in an NO-mediated increase in CBF (p < 0.05) and increased NO production (p < 0.0001) when compared to saline-stimulated control cultures. ALI pretreatment with taste receptor pathway inhibitors blocked OM-85 BV-induced increases in NO. CONCLUSION:OM-85 BV has ciliostimulatory and immunogenic properties that may be partially responsible for its observed efficacy as a respiratory therapeutic. These responses were NO-dependent and consistent with T2R activation. Further work is necessary to elucidate specific component-receptor signaling relationships.
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