Immunoparesis recovery 1 year after ASCT is independently associated with favorable survival in patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation.

Immunoparesis is defined as a reduction in the levels of one, two, or three uninvolved immunoglobulins. However, there are very limited data on the incidence and prognostic significance of immunoparesis recovery 1 year after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in MM. We reviewed medical records of de novo MM patients who received ASCT at Beijing Chao Yang hospital. One hundred eight MM patients were included in the study. Conventional chemotherapy was administered as induction regimen in 16 patients (14.8%), whereas novel agents were used in 92 patients (85.2%). Most patients had immunoparesis at diagnosis (89.1%) and at the moment of ASCT as well (75%). After a median follow-up of 49 months, in the group with immunoglobulin recovery 1 year after ASCT, there was a trend towards longer progression-free survival (PFS) than in the group with immunoparesis (P = 0.054). And overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients with immunoparesis recovery (P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, immunoparesis recovery 1 year after ASCT was independently associated with improved OS (P = 0.016). In conclusion, lack of immunoparesis recovery 1 year after ASCT in MM patients is associated with significantly shorter OS and this group of patients needs new treatment strategy to improve the prognosis.