Preparation of a biomimetic ECM surface on cardiovascular biomaterials via a novel layer-by-layer decellularization for better biocompatibility.

Endothelial extracellular matrix (EC-ECM) modification by decellularization is generally recognized as an effective method for cardiovascular biomaterials to enhance their biocompatibility. However, the now available EC-ECM was mainly secreted by the in vitro cultured endothelial cells which lacked a physiological growth environment in vivo, such as blood flow shear stress (BFSS) acting, thus had a serious defect of biocompatibility. Our previous work markedly improved the biocompatibility of the EC-ECM modified materials by simulating the BFSS acting to control the endothelial cells with hyaluronic acid (HA) micro-pattern. In this contribution, the EC-ECM was further enriched onto the HA micro-pattern via a novel layer-by-layer decellularizatio method. In vitro platelets adhesion/activation, macrophages attachment test and ex vivo blood experiment of New Zealand White Rabbits suggested better blood compatibility and anti-inflammation property of this novel biomimetic ECM surface. The endothelial cells culture tests and in vivo rat subcutaneous implantation also proved its good pro-endothelialization function and tissue compatibility. In summary, the present study demonstrated better biocompatibility of the novel biomimetic ECM surface and its potential application for cardiovascular biomaterials modification.