[Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents].

While thyroid nodules have relatively low incidence in children and adolescents,they are at high risk of malignancy. In addition,the clinical manifestations,biological behaviors,assessment methods,indications of fine-needle aspiration,and treatment principles also differ from those in adults. In the past,the assessment,treatment,and follow-up of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents follow the guidelines for adult patients,which are actually not applicable for children and adolescents in the real-world clinical settings. Based on the latest international guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer,this article summarizes the clinical features,pathological characteristics,evaluation methods,treatments,and follow-up of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents.