Pinnita Prabhasawat1, Warinyupa Pinitpuwadol2, Dawisa Angsriprasert2, Pratuangsri Chonpimai2, Manutsawin Saiman2. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. pinnita.pra@mahidol.edu. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare tear film changes and ocular symptoms after reading an electronic book (e-book) and a printed book. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and experimental. METHODS: Crossover study was conducted in 30 healthy volunteers, some of whom read an e-book and others a printed book for 20 minutes and then switched the following week. Tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break up time (FBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining score, and questionnaires about seven ocular symptoms were evaluated before and after reading by both reading methods. RESULTS: After reading an e-book, FBUT and NIBUT were significantly decreased (p<0.001for both). Similar to printed book readers (p=0.006, p=0.04, respectively). TMH and corneal and conjunctival staining score showed no significant differences in either group. Comparing the two groups, the e-book group showed more decrease in TMH, FBUT, and NIBUT (p>0.05). Ocular symptoms were significantly increased in both groups. The e-book group showed more increase in all symptoms, but only tearing (p=0.03) and burning sensation (p=0.02) were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Reading an e-book affected tear film instability and significantly increased burning sensation and tearing to a larger extend than reading a printed book.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare tear film changes and ocular symptoms after reading an electronic book (e-book) and a printed book. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and experimental. METHODS: Crossover study was conducted in 30 healthy volunteers, some of whom read an e-book and others a printed book for 20 minutes and then switched the following week. Tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break up time (FBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining score, and questionnaires about seven ocular symptoms were evaluated before and after reading by both reading methods. RESULTS: After reading an e-book, FBUT and NIBUT were significantly decreased (p<0.001for both). Similar to printed book readers (p=0.006, p=0.04, respectively). TMH and corneal and conjunctival staining score showed no significant differences in either group. Comparing the two groups, the e-book group showed more decrease in TMH, FBUT, and NIBUT (p>0.05). Ocular symptoms were significantly increased in both groups. The e-book group showed more increase in all symptoms, but only tearing (p=0.03) and burning sensation (p=0.02) were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Reading an e-book affected tear film instability and significantly increased burning sensation and tearing to a larger extend than reading a printed book.
Authors: Andrew S Camp; Christopher P Long; Anat Galor; Maya Yamane; James A Proudfoot; Robert N Weinreb Journal: J Glaucoma Date: 2022-03-18 Impact factor: 2.290
Authors: Lin Li; Jing Zhang; Moxin Chen; Xue Li; Qiao Chu; Run Jiang; Zhihao Liu; Lili Zhang; Jun Shi; Yi Wang; Weizhong Zhu; Jian Chen; Pengcheng Xun; Jibo Zhou Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2021-12-01
Authors: Maria A Idarraga; Juan S Guerrero; Samantha G Mosle; Frank Miralles; Anat Galor; Naresh Kumar Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-05-02 Impact factor: 4.241