James Johnston1, Michael Hoggard2, Kristi Biswas3, Carmen Astudillo-García2, Fiona J Radcliff4, Murali Mahadevan3, Richard G Douglas3. 1. Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jj.johnston@auckland.ac.nz. 2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 3. Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 4. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Adenotonsillar and middle ear diseases result in some of the most frequently performed operations in the pediatric population worldwide. The pathogen reservoir hypothesis (PRH) suggests that the adenoids act as a reservoir of bacteria which play a potential pathogenic role in otitis media. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. This study sought to comprehensively determine and compare associations between the adenotonsillar and middle ear bacterial microbiota within individual patients via next-generation sequencing and microbial network analyses. METHODS: Bacterial 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing was used to determine the bacterial composition of ten pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and ventilation tube insertion for otitis media with effusion. At the time of surgery, swabs were taken from the adenoid surface, tonsil crypts and middle ear clefts (through the myringotomy incision). RESULTS: The most abundant sequences within the bacterial community at genus level across all anatomical sites were Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Porphyromonas. There was an observable difference in the relative abundance of bacterial communities, with a higher proportion of Haemophilus and Moraxella in the adenoid when compared with the middle ear. Furthermore, only one module (consisting of 4 bacterial OTUs) from one patient was identified through microbial network analyses to be significantly associated between middle ear and adenoid. In addition, microbial network analysis revealed that the adenoid and tonsil microbiota share greater similarity than do the adenoid and middle ear. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the adenoid microenvironment does not correlate to the middle ear microenvironment. A future study at the species level, and over time, is required to further investigate whether the differing relationship between the microbiota of the adenoid and middle ear rejects the pathogen reservoir hypothesis.
INTRODUCTION: Adenotonsillar and middle ear diseases result in some of the most frequently performed operations in the pediatric population worldwide. The pathogen reservoir hypothesis (PRH) suggests that the adenoids act as a reservoir of bacteria which play a potential pathogenic role in otitis media. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. This study sought to comprehensively determine and compare associations between the adenotonsillar and middle ear bacterial microbiota within individual patients via next-generation sequencing and microbial network analyses. METHODS: Bacterial 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing was used to determine the bacterial composition of ten pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and ventilation tube insertion for otitis media with effusion. At the time of surgery, swabs were taken from the adenoid surface, tonsil crypts and middle ear clefts (through the myringotomy incision). RESULTS: The most abundant sequences within the bacterial community at genus level across all anatomical sites were Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Porphyromonas. There was an observable difference in the relative abundance of bacterial communities, with a higher proportion of Haemophilus and Moraxella in the adenoid when compared with the middle ear. Furthermore, only one module (consisting of 4 bacterial OTUs) from one patient was identified through microbial network analyses to be significantly associated between middle ear and adenoid. In addition, microbial network analysis revealed that the adenoid and tonsil microbiota share greater similarity than do the adenoid and middle ear. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the adenoid microenvironment does not correlate to the middle ear microenvironment. A future study at the species level, and over time, is required to further investigate whether the differing relationship between the microbiota of the adenoid and middle ear rejects the pathogen reservoir hypothesis.
Authors: Marianne F L van den Broek; Ilke De Boeck; Filip Kiekens; An Boudewyns; Olivier M Vanderveken; Sarah Lebeer Journal: Clin Microbiol Rev Date: 2019-07-03 Impact factor: 26.132
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Authors: Daniel N Frank; Jose Pedrito M Magno; Karen Joyce S Velasco; Tori C Bootpetch; Jacob Ephraim D Salud; Kevin Jer V David; Aaron L Miller; Eljohn C Yee; Heather P Dulnuan; Richard B Pyles; Jan Alexeis C Lacuata; Jeric L Arbizo; Jennifer M Kofonow; Beatrice Guce; Kevin Michael D Mendoza; Charles E Robertson; Gabriel Martin S Ilustre; Alessandra Nadine E Chiong; Shi-Long Lu; Erik A Tongol; Nicole D Sacayan; Talitha Karisse L Yarza; Charlotte M Chiong; Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2022-04-19 Impact factor: 6.073