Molecular detection of uterine innate lymphoid cells in the immunological mouse model of pregnancy loss.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly identified members of the innate lymphocyte family, which can function as adaptive T cells and act as critical modulators of inflammatory processes within different tissues and immune diseases. The role of uterine ILCs (uILCs) has recently been elucidated alongside changes associated with normal pregnancy. However, the proportions of uterine ILCs and their role in unsuccessful pregnancy remain unclear. We analyzed the characterization of uILC subsets and the expression of signature cytokines associated with ILCs in a mouse model of unsuccessful pregnancy induced by LPS, and we describe the dynamic changes they undergo during this process. We found that mice exposed to LPS display significantly higher levels of uNK cells, and uILC3s. However, a lower proportion of uILC2s and uILC1s were detected in abortion mice. In addition, we found that abortion mice display markedly higher expression of IFN-γ and IL-A17, and lower levels of IL-5. No significant differences in the expression of IL-13 and IL-22 were observed. The findings suggest that uILCs play distinct non-redundant roles during pregnancy, and uILCs may affect maternal-fetal tolerance via IL-17A, IL-5, and IFN-γ production.