Increased protein expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and their receptors in the temporal neocortex of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system has been shown to play a crucial role in several neuropathological processes. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy type in adult humans. We assessed the protein expression levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and VEGF-C, their specific receptors VEGFR-2 and -3, their accessory receptors neuropilins 1 and 2, and PI3 and Akt kinases, in temporal neocortex from pharmacoresistant TLE (PR-TLE) patients and control subjects by western blotting. All proteins were found to be significantly overexpressed in samples of PR-TLE patients, indicating that the VEGF system contributes to PR-TLE pathogenesis and should be further studied.