Darshan Singh1, Suresh Narayanan2, Christian P Müller3, Marc T Swogger4, Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear5, Eshal Bin Dzulkapli5, Nur Sabrina Mohd Yusoff5, Dinesh Sangarran Ramachandram5, Francisco León6, Christopher R McCurdy6, Balasingam Vicknasingam5. 1. Centre for Drug Research, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: darshan@usm.my. 2. School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage, Erlangen, Germany. 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical School, United States. 5. Centre for Drug Research, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. 6. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) or kratom have been traditionally used in Malaysia and Thailand mainly to enhance work productivity, as a folk remedy for treating common ailments, and as a mood enhancer. AIM OF THE STUDY: This present study sought to investigate kratom use motives among regular kratom users in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 116 regular kratom users were recruited for this cross-sectional survey. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) was administered to measure kratom use motives. RESULTS: Our results indicate that heavy (>3 glasses daily, each glass contains 48.24-50.4 mg of mitragynine) kratom use was associated with coping (t87.09 =3.544, p < 0.001), and enhancement (t114 =2.180, p = 003). Single subjects had higher mean scores on the coping domain, relative to married subject (t113.89 =3.029, p < 0.003), while those earning more than RM1500 per month had higher mean scores on the enhancement domain, compare to those earning less than RM1500 per month (t107 =2.151, p < 0.034). Higher scores on the coping domain was significantly associated with higher (>3 glasses daily) kratom consumption (p < 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: Coping was associated with high (>3 glasses daily) kratom consumption among regular kratom users in traditional, rural settings.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) or kratom have been traditionally used in Malaysia and Thailand mainly to enhance work productivity, as a folk remedy for treating common ailments, and as a mood enhancer. AIM OF THE STUDY: This present study sought to investigate kratom use motives among regular kratom users in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 116 regular kratom users were recruited for this cross-sectional survey. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) was administered to measure kratom use motives. RESULTS: Our results indicate that heavy (>3 glasses daily, each glass contains 48.24-50.4 mg of mitragynine) kratom use was associated with coping (t87.09 =3.544, p < 0.001), and enhancement (t114 =2.180, p = 003). Single subjects had higher mean scores on the coping domain, relative to married subject (t113.89 =3.029, p < 0.003), while those earning more than RM1500 per month had higher mean scores on the enhancement domain, compare to those earning less than RM1500 per month (t107 =2.151, p < 0.034). Higher scores on the coping domain was significantly associated with higher (>3 glasses daily) kratom consumption (p < 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: Coping was associated with high (>3 glasses daily) kratom consumption among regular kratom users in traditional, rural settings.
Authors: Yuchen Zhou; Steven Ramsey; Davide Provasi; Amal El Daibani; Kevin Appourchaux; Soumen Chakraborty; Abhijeet Kapoor; Tao Che; Susruta Majumdar; Marta Filizola Journal: Biochemistry Date: 2020-12-04 Impact factor: 3.162
Authors: Darshan Singh; Paula N Brown; Eduardo Cinosi; Ornella Corazza; Jack E Henningfield; Albert Garcia-Romeu; Christopher R McCurdy; Lance R McMahon; Walter C Prozialeck; Kirsten E Smith; Marc T Swogger; Charles Veltri; Zach Walsh; Oliver Grundmann Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2020-11-26 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Antonio Metastasio; Elisabeth Prevete; Darshan Singh; Oliver Grundmann; Walter C Prozialeck; Charles Veltri; Giuseppe Bersani; Ornella Corazza Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2020-11-19 Impact factor: 4.157