Sonochemical nanostructuring of titanium for regulation of human mesenchymal stem cells behavior for implant development.

The influence of surface nanotopography of sonochemically generated mesoporous titania coatings (TMS) on the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been investigated in vitro for the first time. It has been revealed that adhesion and proliferation of hMSCs is higher on disordered TMS surfaces compared to smooth polished titania surface after five days of incubation. Surprisingly, the sonochemically generated disordered nanotopography induces the differentiation of hMSCs into osteogenic direction in the absence of osteogenic medium in 14 days of incubation. Thus sonochemical nanostructuring of titanium based implants stimulates the regenerative process of bone tissue.