Mitchell Dwyer1, Sabah Rehman2, Thomas Ottavi3, Jim Stankovich4, Seana Gall5, Greg Peterson6, Karen Ford7, Leigh Kinsman8. 1. University of Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: mitchell.dwyer@utas.edu.au. 2. University of Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: sabah.rehman@utas.edu.au. 3. University of Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: thomas.ottavi@utas.edu.au. 4. Monash University, Australia. Electronic address: jim.stankovich@monash.edu. 5. University of Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: seana.gall@utas.edu.au. 6. University of Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: g.peterson@utas.edu.au. 7. Tasmanian Health Service, Australia. Electronic address: karen.ford@ths.tas.gov.au. 8. University of Newcastle, Australia. Electronic address: leigh.kinsman@newcastle.edu.au.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe literature pertaining to urban-rural differences in both the quality of care and outcomes of acute stroke patients. METHODS: We systematically searched CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Scopus for published and unpublished literature until 9th December 2017. Studies were included if they compared the acute care provided to, or outcomes of, patients hospitalised for stroke in urban versus rural settings. Abstract, full-text review, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Findings are presented in the form of narrative syntheses. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies were included in the review (16 on care, 12 on outcomes). With few exceptions, studies addressing the provision of care suggested that rural patients have less access to most aspects of acute stroke care. Studies reporting urban-rural differences in patient outcomes were inconsistent in their findings, however, few of these studies were primarily focused on the issue of urban-rural disparities. Overall, study findings did not appear to differ in line with study quality ratings, stroke subtypes included, or how inter-facility patient transfers were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: There is convincing, albeit not unanimous, evidence to suggest that stroke patients in rural areas receive less acute care than their urban counterparts. Despite this, the available data and methodology have largely not been used to study urban-rural differences in patient outcomes. PROSPERO registration information: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero. Unique identifier: CRD42017073262.
OBJECTIVE: To describe literature pertaining to urban-rural differences in both the quality of care and outcomes of acute strokepatients. METHODS: We systematically searched CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Scopus for published and unpublished literature until 9th December 2017. Studies were included if they compared the acute care provided to, or outcomes of, patients hospitalised for stroke in urban versus rural settings. Abstract, full-text review, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Findings are presented in the form of narrative syntheses. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies were included in the review (16 on care, 12 on outcomes). With few exceptions, studies addressing the provision of care suggested that rural patients have less access to most aspects of acute stroke care. Studies reporting urban-rural differences in patient outcomes were inconsistent in their findings, however, few of these studies were primarily focused on the issue of urban-rural disparities. Overall, study findings did not appear to differ in line with study quality ratings, stroke subtypes included, or how inter-facility patient transfers were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: There is convincing, albeit not unanimous, evidence to suggest that strokepatients in rural areas receive less acute care than their urban counterparts. Despite this, the available data and methodology have largely not been used to study urban-rural differences in patient outcomes. PROSPERO registration information: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero. Unique identifier: CRD42017073262.
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