Muriel Girard1, Ganna Panasyuk2. 1. Liver Unit, National Reference Center for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital. 2. INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Biliary atresia is a poorly understood deadly disease. Genetic predisposition factors are suspected albeit not firmly established. This review summarizes recent evidence of genetic alterations in biliary atresia. RECENT FINDINGS: Whole-genome association studies in biliary atresia patients identified four distinct predisposition loci with four different genes potentially involved in the disease occurrence. Variations in these genes were searched for, but none were found in patients with biliary atresia suggesting complex mechanisms. SUMMARY: Despite decades since its description and decades of intensive researches, cause of biliary atresia disease remains enigmatic. The inheritance of biliary atresia is not Mendelian. Genetic predisposition factor is one of the explored fields to explain biliary atresia pathogenicity. Biliary atresia has been associated with several inborn syndromes, chromosome anomalies, and gene polymorphisms in specific populations. Four predisposition loci encompassing genes relevant to the disease have been identified, but no pathogenic variations were found in biliary atresia patients. Few reported cases of isolated biliary atresia manifestation in the context of known genetic diseases suggest coincidental findings. Alternatives to classic genetic alterations are proposed to explain genetic predisposition in biliary atresia including noncoding and epigenetic factors. Biliary atresia is most likely related to complex traits making its genetic exploration challenging.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Biliary atresia is a poorly understood deadly disease. Genetic predisposition factors are suspected albeit not firmly established. This review summarizes recent evidence of genetic alterations in biliary atresia. RECENT FINDINGS: Whole-genome association studies in biliary atresiapatients identified four distinct predisposition loci with four different genes potentially involved in the disease occurrence. Variations in these genes were searched for, but none were found in patients with biliary atresia suggesting complex mechanisms. SUMMARY: Despite decades since its description and decades of intensive researches, cause of biliary atresia disease remains enigmatic. The inheritance of biliary atresia is not Mendelian. Genetic predisposition factor is one of the explored fields to explain biliary atresia pathogenicity. Biliary atresia has been associated with several inborn syndromes, chromosome anomalies, and gene polymorphisms in specific populations. Four predisposition loci encompassing genes relevant to the disease have been identified, but no pathogenic variations were found in biliary atresiapatients. Few reported cases of isolated biliary atresia manifestation in the context of known genetic diseases suggest coincidental findings. Alternatives to classic genetic alterations are proposed to explain genetic predisposition in biliary atresia including noncoding and epigenetic factors. Biliary atresia is most likely related to complex traits making its genetic exploration challenging.
Authors: Ming Fu; Ledong Tan; Zefeng Lin; Vincent C H Lui; Paul K H Tam; Jonathan R Lamb; Yan Zhang; Huimin Xia; Ruizhong Zhang; Yan Chen Journal: Clin Sci (Lond) Date: 2021-04-16 Impact factor: 6.124
Authors: Kien Trung Tran; Vinh Sy Le; Lan Thi Mai Dao; Huyen Khanh Nguyen; Anh Kieu Mai; Ha Thi Nguyen; Minh Duy Ngo; Quynh Anh Tran; Liem Thanh Nguyen Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-11-08 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Nimish Godbole; Iiris Nyholm; Maria Hukkinen; Joseph R Davidson; Athanasios Tyraskis; Jouko Lohi; Päivi Heikkilä; Katja Eloranta; Marjut Pihlajoki; Mark Davenport; Markku Heikinheimo; Antti Kyrönlahti; Mikko P Pakarinen Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-05-04 Impact factor: 4.996