Jiaming Zhang1,2, Fanghua Zhang1,3, Changying Zhao1,2, Qian Xu3, Cheng Liang4, Ying Yang3, Huiling Wang3, Yongfang Shang3, Ye Wang3,5, Xiaofeng Mu3,5, Dequan Zhu6, Chunling Zhang1, Junjie Yang7,8, Minxiu Yao9,10, Lei Zhang11,12,13,14,15. 1. Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. 2. College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China. 3. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. 4. School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China. 5. Clinical Laboratory and Core Research Laboratory, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, China. 6. Microbiological Laboratory, Lin Yi People's Hospital, Shandong Province, Linyi 276003, China. 7. Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. microbiota@foxmail.com. 8. College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250200, China. microbiota@foxmail.com. 9. Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. 13953232080@163.com. 10. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. 13953232080@163.com. 11. Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China. microbiome@foxmail.com. 12. Microbiological Laboratory, Lin Yi People's Hospital, Shandong Province, Linyi 276003, China. microbiome@foxmail.com. 13. Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China. microbiome@foxmail.com. 14. Shandong Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Xinluo Street 2749, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250101, China. microbiome@foxmail.com. 15. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. microbiome@foxmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules are the most prevalent form of thyroid endocrine disorder. The balance of gut microbiome is highly crucial for a healthy human body, especially for the immune and endocrine system. However, the relationship between gut microbiome and the thyroid endocrine disorders such as thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules has not been reported yet. METHODS: A cohort of 74 patients was recruited for this study. Among them, 20 patients had thyroid cancer, 18 patients had thyroid nodules, and 36 were matched healthy controls. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene-based sequencing protocol. RESULTS: We compared the gut microbiome results of 74 subjects and established the correlation between gut microbiome and thyroid endocrine function for both thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. The results inferred that alpha and beta diversity were different for patients with thyroid tumor than the healthy controls (p < 0.01). In comparison to healthy controls, the relative abundance of Neisseria (p < 0.001) and Streptococcus (p < 0.001) was significantly higher for thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. Butyricimonas (p < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) displayed notably lower relative abundance for thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules, respectively. It was also found that the clinical indexes were correlated with gut microbiome. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that both thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules are associated with the composition of gut microbiome. These results may support further clinical diagnosis to a great extent and help in developing potential probiotics to facilitate the treatment of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
PURPOSE:Thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules are the most prevalent form of thyroid endocrine disorder. The balance of gut microbiome is highly crucial for a healthy human body, especially for the immune and endocrine system. However, the relationship between gut microbiome and the thyroid endocrine disorders such as thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules has not been reported yet. METHODS: A cohort of 74 patients was recruited for this study. Among them, 20 patients had thyroid cancer, 18 patients had thyroid nodules, and 36 were matched healthy controls. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene-based sequencing protocol. RESULTS: We compared the gut microbiome results of 74 subjects and established the correlation between gut microbiome and thyroid endocrine function for both thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. The results inferred that alpha and beta diversity were different for patients with thyroid tumor than the healthy controls (p < 0.01). In comparison to healthy controls, the relative abundance of Neisseria (p < 0.001) and Streptococcus (p < 0.001) was significantly higher for thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. Butyricimonas (p < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) displayed notably lower relative abundance for thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules, respectively. It was also found that the clinical indexes were correlated with gut microbiome. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that both thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules are associated with the composition of gut microbiome. These results may support further clinical diagnosis to a great extent and help in developing potential probiotics to facilitate the treatment of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
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