Vanessa H Brait1,2, Francesc Miró-Mur1,2, Isabel Pérez-de-Puig1, Laura Notario3, Begoña Hurtado4, Jordi Pedragosa1,2, Mattia Gallizioli1,2, Francesc Jiménez-Altayó5, Maria Arbaizar-Rovirosa1,2, Amaia Otxoa-de-Amezaga1,2, Juan Monteagudo6, Maura Ferrer-Ferrer2, Xavier de la Rosa1, Ester Bonfill-Teixidor1,2, Angélica Salas-Perdomo2, Alba Hernández-Vidal2, Pablo Garcia-de-Frutos4, Pilar Lauzurica3, Anna M Planas1,2. 1. From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain. 2. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (V.H.B., F.M.-M., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., M.F.-F., E.B.-T., A.S.-P., A.H.-V., A.M.P.). 3. Grupo de Activación Inmunológica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (L.N., P.L.). 4. Department of Cell Death and Proliferation (B.H., P.G.-d.-F.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain. 5. Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (F.J.A.). 6. Hemotherapy and Haemostasis Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.).
Abstract
RATIONALE: CD69 is an immunomodulatory molecule induced during lymphocyte activation. Following stroke, T-lymphocytes upregulate CD69 but its function is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether CD69 was involved in brain damage following an ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used adult male mice on the C57BL/6 or BALB/c backgrounds, including wild-type mice and CD69-/- mice, and CD69+/+ and CD69-/- lymphocyte-deficient Rag2-/- mice, and generated chimeric mice. We induced ischemia by transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. We measured infarct volume, assessed neurological function, and studied CD69 expression, as well as platelet function, fibrin(ogen) deposition, and VWF (von Willebrand factor) expression in brain vessels and VWF content and activity in plasma, and performed the tail-vein bleeding test and the carotid artery ferric chloride-induced thrombosis model. We also performed primary glial cell cultures and sorted brain CD45-CD11b-CD31+ endothelial cells for mRNA expression studies. We blocked VWF by intravenous administration of anti-VWF antibodies. CD69-/- mice showed larger infarct volumes and worse neurological deficits than the wild-type mice after ischemia. This worsening effect was not attributable to lymphocytes or other hematopoietic cells. CD69 deficiency lowered the time to thrombosis in the carotid artery despite platelet function not being affected. Ischemia upregulated Cd69 mRNA expression in brain endothelial cells. CD69-deficiency increased fibrin(ogen) accumulation in the ischemic tissue, and plasma VWF content and activity, and VWF expression in brain vessels. Blocking VWF reduced infarct volume and reverted the detrimental effect of CD69-/- deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: CD69 deficiency promotes a prothrombotic phenotype characterized by increased VWF and worse brain damage after ischemic stroke. The results suggest that CD69 acts as a downregulator of endothelial activation.
RATIONALE: CD69 is an immunomodulatory molecule induced during lymphocyte activation. Following stroke, T-lymphocytes upregulate CD69 but its function is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether CD69 was involved in brain damage following an ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used adult male mice on the C57BL/6 or BALB/c backgrounds, including wild-type mice and CD69-/- mice, and CD69+/+ and CD69-/- lymphocyte-deficient Rag2-/- mice, and generated chimeric mice. We induced ischemia by transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. We measured infarct volume, assessed neurological function, and studied CD69 expression, as well as platelet function, fibrin(ogen) deposition, and VWF (von Willebrand factor) expression in brain vessels and VWF content and activity in plasma, and performed the tail-vein bleeding test and the carotid artery ferric chloride-induced thrombosis model. We also performed primary glial cell cultures and sorted brain CD45-CD11b-CD31+ endothelial cells for mRNA expression studies. We blocked VWF by intravenous administration of anti-VWF antibodies. CD69-/- mice showed larger infarct volumes and worse neurological deficits than the wild-type mice after ischemia. This worsening effect was not attributable to lymphocytes or other hematopoietic cells. CD69 deficiency lowered the time to thrombosis in the carotid artery despite platelet function not being affected. Ischemia upregulated Cd69 mRNA expression in brain endothelial cells. CD69-deficiency increased fibrin(ogen) accumulation in the ischemic tissue, and plasma VWF content and activity, and VWF expression in brain vessels. Blocking VWF reduced infarct volume and reverted the detrimental effect of CD69-/- deficiency. CONCLUSIONS:CD69deficiency promotes a prothrombotic phenotype characterized by increased VWF and worse brain damage after ischemic stroke. The results suggest that CD69 acts as a downregulator of endothelial activation.
Entities:
Keywords:
blood vessels; brain ischemia; endothelium; thrombosis; von Willebrand factor
Authors: Saef Izzy; Qiong Liu; Zhou Fang; Sevda Lule; Limin Wu; Joon Yong Chung; Aliyah Sarro-Schwartz; Alexander Brown-Whalen; Caroline Perner; Suzanne E Hickman; David L Kaplan; Nikolaos A Patsopoulos; Joseph El Khoury; Michael J Whalen Journal: Front Cell Neurosci Date: 2019-08-08 Impact factor: 5.505