Effects of chronic glucagon administration on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism.

Male adult Wistar rats received daily, at 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., 10 micrograms of Zn-protamine glucagon for 21 days by subcutaneous injections. The blood glucose level was not significantly modified. Cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were decreased by 40 and 70% in plasma but not in the liver. The rates of cholesterol turnover processes were determined in vivo with an isotope balance method. Internal secretion of cholesterol (13.8 +/- 0.5 mg/day per rat in control rats and 22.4 +/- 0.9 mg/day per rat in glucagon-treated rats) and cholesterol transformation into bile acids were strikingly increased by chronic administration of glucagon. Biliary secretion rates of bile acids measured by a wash-out method were increased by 139%, while the intestinal bile acid pool was not changed. The enterohepatic cycle number was increased from five per day in control rats to nine per day in glucagon-treated rats. An increased turnover rate of the exchangeable cholesterol would explain the hypocholesterolemic effect of glucagon.