Griffith A Bell1, Tuija Männistö2, Aiyi Liu1, Kurunthachalam Kannan3, Edwina H Yeung1, Un-Jung Kim3, Eila Suvanto2, Heljä-Marja Surcel4,5, Mika Gissler6,7, James L Mills1. 1. Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA. 2. Northern Finland Laboratory Center NordLab, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. 3. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA. 4. Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. 5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 6. National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 7. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Iodine is essential for thyroid function, and iodine deficiency during pregnancy is common in Europe and the USA. However, no published studies have examined the role of iodine deficiency in the relation between thyroid function and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based, nested case-control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort using pregnancy and perinatal outcome data from the Finnish Maternal Birth Register. We randomly selected 224 GDM cases with singleton pregnancies and 224 controls without GDM from all singleton births occurring in Finland during 2012-2013. Blood was drawn at 10-14 weeks' gestation and analyzed for serum iodide, thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GDM. RESULTS: Very high thyroglobulin concentration (>95% percentile; >83 μg/L) was not associated with significantly altered odds of GDM compared to those with normal levels (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.38). High concentrations of TSH were also not associated with increased odds of GDM compared to normal levels of TSH (OR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.06, 3.18). Women in the lowest 5th percentile (<1.58 ng/mL) of iodine did not have increased odds of GDM compared to those with iodide in the highest quartile (OR 0.39; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of iodide and thyroid function in early pregnancy are not associated with increased risk of GDM in this mildly iodine-deficient population.
INTRODUCTION:Iodine is essential for thyroid function, and iodine deficiency during pregnancy is common in Europe and the USA. However, no published studies have examined the role of iodine deficiency in the relation between thyroid function and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based, nested case-control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort using pregnancy and perinatal outcome data from the Finnish Maternal Birth Register. We randomly selected 224 GDM cases with singleton pregnancies and 224 controls without GDM from all singleton births occurring in Finland during 2012-2013. Blood was drawn at 10-14 weeks' gestation and analyzed for serum iodide, thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GDM. RESULTS: Very high thyroglobulin concentration (>95% percentile; >83 μg/L) was not associated with significantly altered odds of GDM compared to those with normal levels (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.38). High concentrations of TSH were also not associated with increased odds of GDM compared to normal levels of TSH (OR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.06, 3.18). Women in the lowest 5th percentile (<1.58 ng/mL) of iodine did not have increased odds of GDM compared to those with iodide in the highest quartile (OR 0.39; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of iodide and thyroid function in early pregnancy are not associated with increased risk of GDM in this mildly iodine-deficient population.
Authors: Alexandra C Purdue-Smithe; Tuija Männistö; Griffith A Bell; Sunni L Mumford; Aiyi Liu; Kurunthachalam Kannan; Un-Jung Kim; Eila Suvanto; Heljä-Marja Surcel; Mika Gissler; James L Mills Journal: Nutrients Date: 2019-10-25 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Kristof Y Neven; Bianca Cox; Charlotte Cosemans; Wilfried Gyselaers; Joris Penders; Michelle Plusquin; Harry A Roels; Karen Vrijens; Ann Ruttens; Tim S Nawrot Journal: BMC Med Date: 2021-02-19 Impact factor: 8.775