Thomas Hasler1, Jan Fehr2, Ulrike Held3, Patricia Schlagenhauf4. 1. University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating for Travellers' Health, Department of Public Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland. 2. University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating for Travellers' Health, Department of Public Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 4. University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating for Travellers' Health, Department of Public Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: Patricia.schlagenhauf@uzh.ch.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prevention of arthropod-borne infections hinges on bite prevention. We aimed to investigate travellers' use of repellents. METHODS: We measured the amount of applied repellent with a spray containing 30% DEET and 20% Icaridin versus a lotion with 20% Icaridin alone. We calculated the concentration of active ingredient reached on the skin and evaluated formulation acceptability. The travellers completed a questionnaire evaluating Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) to anti-vectorial protective measures (AVPM). RESULTS: Some 200 volunteers travelling to mosquito borne infection endemic areas were recruited. The mean concentration of active substance achieved on the skin of the left arm was 0.52 mg/cm2 of DEET/Icaridin spray versus 0.21 mg/cm2 of Icaridin lotion. These levels are below the recommended protective dose (1 mg/cm2) for each formulation. Women were significantly more likely to apply a higher, protective dose of repellent. Travellers to Africa, women and older participants showed higher projected adherence to AVPM. CONCLUSIONS: Only 2.5% of recruited travellers applied the recommended protective dose of repellent. Women and older travellers are the most adherent users of repellents. The pre-travel health consultation should provide more information on the application quantity and correct use of repellents.
BACKGROUND: Prevention of arthropod-borne infections hinges on bite prevention. We aimed to investigate travellers' use of repellents. METHODS: We measured the amount of applied repellent with a spray containing 30% DEET and 20% Icaridin versus a lotion with 20% Icaridin alone. We calculated the concentration of active ingredient reached on the skin and evaluated formulation acceptability. The travellers completed a questionnaire evaluating Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) to anti-vectorial protective measures (AVPM). RESULTS: Some 200 volunteers travelling to mosquito borne infection endemic areas were recruited. The mean concentration of active substance achieved on the skin of the left arm was 0.52 mg/cm2 of DEET/Icaridin spray versus 0.21 mg/cm2 of Icaridin lotion. These levels are below the recommended protective dose (1 mg/cm2) for each formulation. Women were significantly more likely to apply a higher, protective dose of repellent. Travellers to Africa, women and older participants showed higher projected adherence to AVPM. CONCLUSIONS: Only 2.5% of recruited travellers applied the recommended protective dose of repellent. Women and older travellers are the most adherent users of repellents. The pre-travel health consultation should provide more information on the application quantity and correct use of repellents.
Authors: Lucas C Pires; Luiza R Dantas; Steven S Witkin; Ana Paula A P Bertozzi; Rita de Cássia A B Dezena; Maria M D Rodrigues; Rosa Estela Gazeta; Saulo D Passos Journal: Viruses Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 5.048
Authors: Martin P Grobusch; Leisa Weld; Abraham Goorhuis; Davidson H Hamer; Mirjam Schunk; Sabine Jordan; Frank P Mockenhaupt; François Chappuis; Hilmir Asgeirsson; Eric Caumes; Mogens Jensenius; Perry J J van Genderen; Francesco Castelli; Rogelio López-Velez; Vanessa Field; Emmanuel Bottieau; Israel Molina; Christophe Rapp; Marta Díaz Ménendez; Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas; Carsten S Larsen; Denis Malvy; David Lalloo; Federico Gobbi; Simin A Florescu; Philippe Gautret; Patricia Schlagenhauf Journal: Lancet Reg Health Eur Date: 2020-11-12