Rajiv Raghavan1, Megan E Romano2, Margaret R Karagas2, Frank J Penna3. 1. Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Dartmouth|Geisel School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth|Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA. 3. Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Dartmouth|Geisel School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. Frank.J.Penna@dartmouth.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) potentially have a role in causing hypospadias malformation through modifiable in-utero exposure. Considering the emerging literature on the role of potential endocrine disrupting substances on the occurrence of hypospadias and the potential to inform public health efforts to prevent the occurrence of these malformations, we have summarized the current literature, identified areas of consensus, and highlighted areas that warrant further investigation. RECENT FINDINGS: Pharmaceuticals, such as diethylstilbestrol, progestin fertility treatments, corticosteroids, and valproic acid, have all been associated with hypospadias risk. Data on exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorobenzene pesticides, as well as non-persistent pollutants, particularly phthalates, is less consistent but still compelling. Improving exposure assessment, standardizing sample timing to relevant developmental windows, using clear case identification and classification schemes, and elucidating dose-response relationships with EDCs will help to provide clearer evidence. Promising directions for future research include identification of subgroups with genetic hypospadias risk factors, measurement of intermediate outcomes, and study of EDC mixtures that will more accurately represent the total fetal environment.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) potentially have a role in causing hypospadias malformation through modifiable in-utero exposure. Considering the emerging literature on the role of potential endocrine disrupting substances on the occurrence of hypospadias and the potential to inform public health efforts to prevent the occurrence of these malformations, we have summarized the current literature, identified areas of consensus, and highlighted areas that warrant further investigation. RECENT FINDINGS: Pharmaceuticals, such as diethylstilbestrol, progestin fertility treatments, corticosteroids, and valproic acid, have all been associated with hypospadias risk. Data on exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorobenzene pesticides, as well as non-persistent pollutants, particularly phthalates, is less consistent but still compelling. Improving exposure assessment, standardizing sample timing to relevant developmental windows, using clear case identification and classification schemes, and elucidating dose-response relationships with EDCs will help to provide clearer evidence. Promising directions for future research include identification of subgroups with genetic hypospadias risk factors, measurement of intermediate outcomes, and study of EDC mixtures that will more accurately represent the total fetal environment.
Authors: Suzan L Carmichael; Gary M Shaw; Cecile Laurent; Mary S Croughan; Richard S Olney; Edward J Lammer Journal: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Date: 2005-10
Authors: Julie R Palmer; Lauren A Wise; Stanley J Robboy; Linda Titus-Ernstoff; Kenneth L Noller; Arthur L Herbst; Rebecca Troisi; Robert N Hoover Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2005-07 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Felice Giordano; Annalisa Abballe; Elena De Felip; Alessandro di Domenico; Fabio Ferro; Paola Grammatico; Anna Maria Ingelido; Valentina Marra; Giacinto Marrocco; Santiago Vallasciani; Irene Figà-Talamanca Journal: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol Date: 2010-04
Authors: Elvira Rodríguez-Pinilla; Consuelo Mejías; David Prieto-Merino; Paloma Fernández; María L Martínez-Frías Journal: Drug Saf Date: 2008 Impact factor: 5.606
Authors: Britton Trabert; Matthew P Longnecker; John W Brock; Mark A Klebanoff; Katherine A McGlynn Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2011-09-07 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Saira Amir; Syed Tahir Abbas Shah; Charalampos Mamoulakis; Anca Oana Docea; Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi; Athanasios Zachariou; Daniela Calina; Felix Carvalho; Nikolaos Sofikitis; Antonios Makrigiannakis; Aristidis Tsatsakis Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Hussein Jamaladin; Iris A L M van Rooij; Loes F M van der Zanden; Marleen M H J van Gelder; Nel Roeleveld Journal: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol Date: 2020-07-13 Impact factor: 3.980