Michelle Welsford1,2, Chika Nishiyama3, Colleen Shortt2, Gary Weiner4, Charles Christoph Roehr5,6, Tetsuya Isayama7, Jennifer Anne Dawson8, Myra H Wyckoff9, Yacov Rabi10,11. 1. Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; welsford@mcmaster.ca. 2. Centre for Paramedic Education and Research, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 3. Department of Critical Care Nursing, Graduate School of Human Health Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 4. Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan and Charles Stewart Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5. Medical Sciences Division, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 6. Newborn Services, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom. 7. Division of Neonatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 9. Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 10. Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and. 11. Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
: media-1vid110.1542/5839981895001PEDS-VA_2018-1828Video Abstract CONTEXT: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized to review the initial fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) during the resuscitation of preterm newborns. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides the scientific summary of initial Fio2 in preterm newborns (<35 weeks' gestation) who receive respiratory support at birth. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched between January 1, 1980 and August 10, 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected by pairs of independent reviewers in 2 stages with a Cohen's κ of 0.8 and 1.0. DATA EXTRACTION: Pairs of independent reviewers extracted data, appraised the risk of bias (RoB), and assessed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled studies and 4 cohort studies included 5697 patients. There are no statistically significant benefits of or harms from starting with lower compared with higher Fio2 in short-term mortality (n = 968; risk ratio = 0.83 [95% confidence interval 0.50 to 1.37]), long-term mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment, or other key preterm morbidities. A sensitivity analysis in which 1 study with a high RoB was excluded failed to reveal a reduction in mortality with initial low Fio2 (n = 681; risk ratio = 0.63 [95% confidence interval 0.38 to 1.03]). LIMITATIONS: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes due to RoB, inconsistency, and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal initial Fio2 for preterm newborns is still unknown, although the majority of newborns ≤32 weeks' gestation will require oxygen supplementation.
: media-1vid110.1542/5839981895001PEDS-VA_2018-1828Video Abstract CONTEXT: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized to review the initial fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) during the resuscitation of preterm newborns. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides the scientific summary of initial Fio2 in preterm newborns (<35 weeks' gestation) who receive respiratory support at birth. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched between January 1, 1980 and August 10, 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected by pairs of independent reviewers in 2 stages with a Cohen's κ of 0.8 and 1.0. DATA EXTRACTION: Pairs of independent reviewers extracted data, appraised the risk of bias (RoB), and assessed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled studies and 4 cohort studies included 5697 patients. There are no statistically significant benefits of or harms from starting with lower compared with higher Fio2 in short-term mortality (n = 968; risk ratio = 0.83 [95% confidence interval 0.50 to 1.37]), long-term mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment, or other key preterm morbidities. A sensitivity analysis in which 1 study with a high RoB was excluded failed to reveal a reduction in mortality with initial low Fio2 (n = 681; risk ratio = 0.63 [95% confidence interval 0.38 to 1.03]). LIMITATIONS: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes due to RoB, inconsistency, and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal initial Fio2 for preterm newborns is still unknown, although the majority of newborns ≤32 weeks' gestation will require oxygen supplementation.
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