Modulation of resting-state brain functional connectivity by exposure to acute fourth-generation long-term evolution electromagnetic field: An fMRI study.

By now, the neurophysiological effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and its underlying regulating mechanisms are not well manifested. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether acute long-term evolution (LTE) EMF exposure could modulate brain functional connectivity using regional homogeneity (ReHo) method and seed-based analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We performed the LTE-EMF exposure experiment and acquired the resting-state brain activities before and after EMF exposure. Then we applied ReHo index to characterize the localized functional connectivity and seed-based method to evaluate the inter-regional functional connectivity. Statistical comparisons were conducted to identify the possible evidence of brain functional connectivity modulation induced by the acute LTE-EMF exposure. We found that the acute LTE-EMF exposure modulated localized intra-regional connectivity (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected, voxel size ≥ 18) and inter-regional connectivity in some brain regions (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected, voxel size ≥ 18). Our results may indicate that the approaches relying on network-level inferences could provide deeper insight into the acute effect on human functional activity induced by LTE-EMF exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:42-51, 2019.