Riyad A Almaimani1, Hussain Almasmoum2, Mazen M Ghaith2, Mohamed El-Boshy3, Shakir Idris2, Jawwad Ahmad2, Abdelghany H Abdelghany4, Mohammad A BaSalamah5, Amani Mahbub2, Bassem Refaat6. 1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 2. Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 3. Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 4. Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 5. Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 6. Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: bassem.refaat@yahoo.co.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and nephropathy is common with chronic exposure. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) showed promising protections, their co-administration was not previously investigated in Pb nephrotoxicity. This study measured the potential interactions and remedial effects of VD and/or Ca on established Pb nephropathy. METHODS: Fifty adult male mice were equally distributed into: negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), Ca, VD and VDC groups. The study duration was seven weeks and all groups, except the NC, received Pb acetate in drinking water (500 mg/L) throughout the study. The Ca, VD and VDC groups also received oral Ca (50 mg/kg; five times/week) and/or intramuscular VD (1000 IU/kg; three times/week) from week four till the end of the study. RESULTS: The PC group showed substantial reduction in serum VD, hypocalcaemia, hypercalciuria and proteinuria alongside marked tissue inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis/necrosis. Pathological alterations were also detected in the mRNAs and proteins of the VD-metabolising enzymes, receptor and binding protein alongside several Ca-membrane channels, membrane transporters, intracellular binding proteins and mediators. While both monotherapies equally demonstrated moderate improvements, the VDC showed the utmost corrective actions on serum and tissue Pb concentrations, the inflammatory and antioxidative markers, the expressions of renal VD/Ca-molecules and tissue integrity. Moreover, the results were comparable between the VDC and NC groups. CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first to reveal potential enhanced remedial outcomes for combining VD and Ca against pre-existing Pb nephrotoxicity and the enhancements could be dependent on Ca-regulatory pathways.
BACKGROUND: Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and nephropathy is common with chronic exposure. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) showed promising protections, their co-administration was not previously investigated in Pbnephrotoxicity. This study measured the potential interactions and remedial effects of VD and/or Ca on established Pbnephropathy. METHODS: Fifty adult male mice were equally distributed into: negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), Ca, VD and VDC groups. The study duration was seven weeks and all groups, except the NC, received Pb acetate in drinking water (500 mg/L) throughout the study. The Ca, VD and VDC groups also received oral Ca (50 mg/kg; five times/week) and/or intramuscular VD (1000 IU/kg; three times/week) from week four till the end of the study. RESULTS: The PC group showed substantial reduction in serum VD, hypocalcaemia, hypercalciuria and proteinuria alongside marked tissue inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis/necrosis. Pathological alterations were also detected in the mRNAs and proteins of the VD-metabolising enzymes, receptor and binding protein alongside several Ca-membrane channels, membrane transporters, intracellular binding proteins and mediators. While both monotherapies equally demonstrated moderate improvements, the VDC showed the utmost corrective actions on serum and tissue Pb concentrations, the inflammatory and antioxidative markers, the expressions of renal VD/Ca-molecules and tissue integrity. Moreover, the results were comparable between the VDC and NC groups. CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first to reveal potential enhanced remedial outcomes for combining VD and Ca against pre-existing Pbnephrotoxicity and the enhancements could be dependent on Ca-regulatory pathways.
Authors: Mohamed E El-Boshy; Bassem Refaat; Ahmed H Qasem; Anmar Khan; Mazen Ghaith; Hussain Almasmoum; Amani Mahbub; Riyad A Almaimani Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2019-06-06 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Alaa Jameel A Albarakati; Roua S Baty; Ahmad M Aljoudi; Ola A Habotta; Ehab K Elmahallawy; Rami B Kassab; Ahmed E Abdel Moneim Journal: Mol Biol Rep Date: 2020-03-07 Impact factor: 2.316