Indocyanine green-enhanced fluorescence-guided video-assisted axillary surgery for chronic lymphocele.

INTRODUCTION: Lymphocele occurs frequently after regional lymph node dissection. Surgery with multiple lymphatic ligation represents the only reliable treatment for long-standing chronic lymphocele. MATERIALS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: We report the case of a man with chronic axillary seroma after axillary lymphadenectomy for melanoma. The lymphocele was unresponsive to conservative management and successfully treated with indocyanine green lymphography-guided video-assisted axillary surgery. DISCUSSION: Indocyanine green-enhanced fluorescence video-assisted identification and ligation of lymph vessels can simply and effectively treat recurrent chronic lymphocele after axillary or groin lymphadenectomy.