The role of inflammasome complex in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury refers to a temporary interruption of blood flow in a tissue. Restoration of blood flow initiates the inflammation in tissue causing ischemic damage through the activation of a multiprotein complex termed inflammasome. The complex contains a receptor, mainly a member of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors, that receives danger signals. The receptor is oligomerized as a response to danger signals and then the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain and procaspase protein are added to the oligomerized receptors to form the inflammasome complex. In the next step, the isolated procaspase is converted into an active caspase molecule that initiates the inflammation through the release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. The inflammasome has an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury in different tissues. Here, we summarized the role of inflammasome in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion of brain, liver, kidney, and heart. Moreover, we highlighted the expression of inflammasome components, the mechanisms involved in activation of the complex, and its inhibition as an optimistic therapeutic technique in ischemia-reperfusion injuries.