Stefania Noerman1, Olli Kärkkäinen1, Anton Mattsson2,3, Jussi Paananen2, Marko Lehtonen4,5, Tarja Nurmi1, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen1, Sari Voutilainen1, Kati Hanhineva1,5, Jyrki K Virtanen1. 1. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland. 2. Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland. 3. Department of Mathematics and System Analysis, Aalto University, Aalto, 00076, Finland. 4. School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland. 5. LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
Abstract
SCOPE: Higher egg intake was previously associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) in eastern Finland. Potential compounds that can explain this association are explored using nontargeted LC-MS-based metabolic profiling. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-nine baseline serum samples from the KIHD are analyzed in four groups: subjects with higher (mean intake one egg per day) or lower (mean intake two eggs per week) egg intake who developed T2D (cases) or remained heatlhy (controls) during the mean follow-up of 19.3 years. Different serum profiles of subjects who had either higher or lower egg intakes, and of those who developed type 2 diabetes or remained healthy, are observed. The higher baseline tyrosine level predicts higher odds of T2D (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.45, 2.60; p < 0.001; FDR 0.023) along with an unknown hexose-containing compound (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.57, 2.88; p < 0.001; FDR 0.005). Certain predominant metabolites in T2D cases are correlated positively with ones in the lower-egg-intake group and negatively with ones in the higher-egg-intake group. CONCLUSION: Our current findings may underline some potential metabolites that can explain how egg intake is associated with a lower risk of T2D.
SCOPE: Higher egg intake was previously associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) in eastern Finland. Potential compounds that can explain this association are explored using nontargeted LC-MS-based metabolic profiling. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-nine baseline serum samples from the KIHD are analyzed in four groups: subjects with higher (mean intake one egg per day) or lower (mean intake two eggs per week) egg intake who developed T2D (cases) or remained heatlhy (controls) during the mean follow-up of 19.3 years. Different serum profiles of subjects who had either higher or lower egg intakes, and of those who developed type 2 diabetes or remained healthy, are observed. The higher baseline tyrosine level predicts higher odds of T2D (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.45, 2.60; p < 0.001; FDR 0.023) along with an unknown hexose-containing compound (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.57, 2.88; p < 0.001; FDR 0.005). Certain predominant metabolites in T2D cases are correlated positively with ones in the lower-egg-intake group and negatively with ones in the higher-egg-intake group. CONCLUSION: Our current findings may underline some potential metabolites that can explain how egg intake is associated with a lower risk of T2D.
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