Electrolyte-based ionic control of functional oxides.

The use of electrolyte gating to electrically control electronic, magnetic and optical properties of materials has seen strong recent growth, driven by the potential of the many devices and applications that such control may enable. Contrary to initial expectations of a purely electrostatic response based on electron or hole doping, electrochemical mechanisms based on the motion of ions are now understood to be common, suggesting promising new electrical control concepts.