Thais Helena de Pontes Ellery1, Helena Alves de Carvalho Sampaio1, Antônio Augusto Ferreira Carioca2, Bruna Yhang da Costa Silva1,3, Júlio Augusto Gurgel Alves4, Fabrício Da Silva Costa5,6, Edward Araujo Júnior7,8, Maria Luísa Pereira de Melo1. 1. Group of Research in Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. 2. Department of Nutrition, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. 3. Department of Nutrition, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil. 4. Department of Maternal and Child, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. 7. Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 8. Medicine Course, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and excess weight in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a sample of 217 pregnant women was conducted at the maternal-fetal outpatient clinic of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, for routine ultrasound examinations in the period between 11 and 13 weeks + 6 days of gestation. Weight and height were measured and the gestational body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The women were questioned about their usual body weight prior to the gestation, considering the prepregnancy weight. The dietary GI and the glycemic load (GL) of their diets were calculated and split into tertiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Walls and chi-squared (χ2) statistical tests were employed. A crude logistic regression model and a model adjusted for confounding variables known to influence biological outcomes were constructed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all tests employed. RESULTS: The sample group presented a high percentage of prepregnancy and gestational overweight (39.7% and 40.1%, respectively). In the tertile with the higher GI value, there was a lower dietary intake of total fibers (p = 0.005) and of soluble fibers (p = 0.008). In the third tertile, the dietary GI was associated with overweight in pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation, both in the crude model and in the model adjusted for age, total energy intake, and saturated fatty acids. However, this association was not observed in relation to the GL. CONCLUSION: A high dietary GI was associated with excess weight in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and excess weight in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a sample of 217 pregnant women was conducted at the maternal-fetal outpatient clinic of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, for routine ultrasound examinations in the period between 11 and 13 weeks + 6 days of gestation. Weight and height were measured and the gestational body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The women were questioned about their usual body weight prior to the gestation, considering the prepregnancy weight. The dietary GI and the glycemic load (GL) of their diets were calculated and split into tertiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Walls and chi-squared (χ2) statistical tests were employed. A crude logistic regression model and a model adjusted for confounding variables known to influence biological outcomes were constructed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all tests employed. RESULTS: The sample group presented a high percentage of prepregnancy and gestational overweight (39.7% and 40.1%, respectively). In the tertile with the higher GI value, there was a lower dietary intake of total fibers (p = 0.005) and of soluble fibers (p = 0.008). In the third tertile, the dietary GI was associated with overweight in pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation, both in the crude model and in the model adjusted for age, total energy intake, and saturated fatty acids. However, this association was not observed in relation to the GL. CONCLUSION: A high dietary GI was associated with excess weight in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.