PTEN and SHIP: Impact on lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer.

Lymph node metastasis is the most common form of metastasis in breast cancer and a crucial indicator influencing breast cancer treatment results. The biological process of lymph node metastasis involves deficiency and mutation of tumor suppressor genes. PTEN and SHIP are critical indicators used to detect occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. Loss of expressions of PTEN and SHIP may contribute to lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer, so they can be used as objective indicators for judging the biological behavior of breast cancer. In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis to investigate the effect of PTEN and SHIP gene expression on regulating lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.