E Castagno1, A F Urbino1, R L Mancusi2, F Benini3. 1. Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital - A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy. 2. CREA Sanità, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. 3. Paediatric Pain and Palliative Care Service, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, Padua, Italy.