Left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome in a patient with infundibular stenosis of the right ventricle: A case report.

A 73-year-old female patient with a past history of right ventricular infundibular stenosis was admitted to our intensive care unit because of right ventricular dysfunction. On the fifth day of hospitalization, she suddenly experienced dyspnea without chest pain despite the improvement of her condition by initial medical treatment. Although electrocardiography revealed no ST-segment elevation, echocardiography and myocardial perfusion using 99mTc-MIBI revealed new development of severe symmetrical akinesia and reduced perfusion of the left ventricular (LV) apex and mid-ventricle. LV apical ballooning syndrome was diagnosed based on the minimal elevation of cardiac enzymes (peak cardiac troponin I 0.18 ng/ml) despite the presence of large regions of focal myocardial damage in the myocardium and the absence of positive ECG diagnosis and urgent coronary angiography. Previous coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries and the left anterior descending artery without full irrigation around the apex making apical ballooning. On the 12th day of hospitalization, despite the use of positive inotropic treatment, it was impossible to maintain hemodynamic stability, and the patient died prior to the functional recovery of the left ventricle.