Babak Sarani1, Cheralyn Hendrix2, Mary Matecki2, Jordan Estroff2, Richard L Amdur2, Bryce R H Robinson3, Geoff Shapiro4, Stephen Gondek2, Roger Mitchell5, E Reed Smith6. 1. Center for Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Electronic address: bsarani@mfa.gwu.edu. 2. Center for Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC. 3. Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 4. Emergency Medical Services Program, George Washington University, Washington, DC. 5. Department of Pathology, George Washington University, Washington, DC. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are no studies correlating wounding pattern or probability of death based on firearm type used in civilian public mass shooting (CPMS) events. Previous studies on non-CPMS events found that handguns are more lethal than rifles. We hypothesized that CPMS events associated with a handgun are also more lethal than those associated with a rifle. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of autopsy reports from CPMS events was performed; CPMS was defined using the FBI and the Congressional Research Service definition. Site(s) of injury, site(s) of fatal injury, and presence of potentially preventable death (PPD) were determined independently by each author and cross-referenced to firearm type used. RESULTS: Autopsy reports of 232 victims from 23 events were reviewed. Seventy-three victims (31%) were shot by handguns, 105 (45%) by rifles, 22 (9%) by shotguns, and 32 (14%) by multiple firearms. Events using a handgun were associated with a higher percentage killed, and events using a rifle were associated with more people shot, although neither difference reached statistical significance. Victims shot by handguns had the highest percentage of having more than 1 fatal wound (26%); those shot by rifle had the lowest percentage (2%) (p = 0.003). Thirty-eight victims (16%) were judged to have had a PPD. The probability of having a PPD was lowest for events involving a handgun (4%) and highest for events involving a rifle (23%) (p = 0.002). Wounding with a handgun was significantly associated with brain (p = 0.007) and cardiac injury (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Civilian public mass shooting events with a handgun are more lethal than those associated with use of a rifle.
BACKGROUND: There are no studies correlating wounding pattern or probability of death based on firearm type used in civilian public mass shooting (CPMS) events. Previous studies on non-CPMS events found that handguns are more lethal than rifles. We hypothesized that CPMS events associated with a handgun are also more lethal than those associated with a rifle. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of autopsy reports from CPMS events was performed; CPMS was defined using the FBI and the Congressional Research Service definition. Site(s) of injury, site(s) of fatal injury, and presence of potentially preventable death (PPD) were determined independently by each author and cross-referenced to firearm type used. RESULTS: Autopsy reports of 232 victims from 23 events were reviewed. Seventy-three victims (31%) were shot by handguns, 105 (45%) by rifles, 22 (9%) by shotguns, and 32 (14%) by multiple firearms. Events using a handgun were associated with a higher percentage killed, and events using a rifle were associated with more people shot, although neither difference reached statistical significance. Victims shot by handguns had the highest percentage of having more than 1 fatal wound (26%); those shot by rifle had the lowest percentage (2%) (p = 0.003). Thirty-eight victims (16%) were judged to have had a PPD. The probability of having a PPD was lowest for events involving a handgun (4%) and highest for events involving a rifle (23%) (p = 0.002). Wounding with a handgun was significantly associated with brain (p = 0.007) and cardiac injury (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Civilian public mass shooting events with a handgun are more lethal than those associated with use of a rifle.
Authors: Matthew P Czaja; Chadd K Kraus; Su Phyo; Patrick Olivieri; Dalier R Mederos; Ivan Puente; Salman Mohammed; Ross P Berkeley; David Slattery; Thomas H Gildea; Claire Hardman; Brandi Palmer; Melissa L Whitmill; Una Aluyen; Jeffery M Pinnow; Amanda Young; Carly D Eastin; Nurani M Kester; Kaitlyn R Works; Andrew N Pfeffer; Aleksander W Keller; Adam Tobias; Benjamin Li; Brian Yorkgitis; Soheil Saadat; Mark I Langdorf Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-05-02
Authors: Elinore J Kaufman; Douglas J Wiebe; Ruiying Aria Xiong; Christopher N Morrison; Mark J Seamon; M Kit Delgado Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 21.873