Prenatal developmental toxicity study of strontium citrate in Sprague Dawley rats.

In this study, the pregnant female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to evaluate the potential toxicological effect of strontium citrate, a dietary supplement, on embryo-fetal development. Strontium citrate at doses of 0 mg/kg, 680 mg/kg, 1360 mg/kg, and 2267 mg/kg was administrated orally by gavage to rats at day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy. Each group contained 20 pregnant rats. On the 20th day of gestation, rats was anesthetized and dissected by cesarean section. The appearance, internal organs, gravid uterus weight, embryo implantation number, and implantation loss rate in maternal rats of each group did not reveal any lesions. In fetuses, there were no statistical differences in the fetus weight, sex ratio, embryo resorption number, stillbirth number, and fetal visceral examination in all testing groups compared to the control group. However, in 2267 mg/kg strontium citrate group, the fetuses showed the statistical differences in the anomalies of the bones and eyes compared to the control group. These findings indicate that high-dose strontium citrate possesses an adverse effect on embryonic and fetal development in SD rats. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of strontium citrate for prenatal development toxicity in SD rats may be regarded as 1360 mg/kg/day.